Dans le contexte de la crise écologique actuelle, le thème du stewardship, de plus en plus présent dans la littérature théo-écologique, apparaît comme une clé pour identifier et exposer la contribution particulière du discours chrétien: celle de repenser les représentations anthropo-cosmologiques de notre culture occidentale. Un théologien canadien, Douglas J. Hall, a longuement exploré cette nouvelle image de l'être humain compris comme un «steward», une richesse négligée de la tradition judéo-chrétienne. L'étude du concept de «stewardship» dans l'oeuvre de D. J. Hall, de même que des enrichissements de la thématique grâce à l'apport des traditions juive, orthodoxe et amérindienne, confirme la pertinence de son emploi comme pivot d'une théologie écologique. Notre article ouvre finalement la voie à une interprétation christologique du stewardship qui donne à ce symbole biblique son expression plénière.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alfaro, Juan1978«The land - stewardship». Biblical Theology Bulletin, 8: 51-61.
2.
Amery, Carl1976Fin de la providence. Paris , Seuil .
3.
Attfield, Robin1991«The tradition of stewardship». Dans Ethics of Environmental Concern, (2e éd.), 34-50. Athens , The University of Georgia Press.
4.
Bennett, B.1977«On responding to Lynn White: Ecology and Christianity» . Ohio Journal of Religious Studies, 5, 1: 71-77.
5.
Bennett, Robin1991«The tradition of stewardship». Dans Ethics of Environmental Concern (2e éd.), 34-50. Athens , The University of Georgia Press.
6.
Belkin, S.1972«Man as temporary tenant». Dans Judaism and Human Rights, 251-258. New York, W. W. Norton.
7.
Bentley, P.J.1985«Judaism and the practice of stewardship» . Judaism, 34: 301-311.
8.
Birch, Bruce C.1978The Predicament of the Prosperous. Philadelphie, Westminster Press.
9.
Black, John1970«The concept of stewardship». Dans The Dominion of Man. The Search for Ecological Responsibility , 44-57. Édimbourg , Edinburgh University Press.
10.
Boutin, Maurice1991«La lecture écologique de la Bible et ses apories». Dans Environnement et développement. Questions éthiques et problèmes socio-politiques, 209-229. Montréal , Fdes.
11.
Clément, Olivier1967«Le sens de la terre (Notes de cosmologie orthodoxe) ». Contacts, 19, 57: 252-323.
12.
Clifford, Anne1992«Feminist perspective on science. Implications for an ecological theology of creation». Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 8, 2: 65-90.
13.
Collinson, J.G.F.1986«Biblical perspective on stewardship of the earth's resources». Bangalore Theological Forum, 18, 4: 153-160.
14.
Constas, Nicolas P.1990«Commentary on the patriarchal message on the day of protection of the environment». Greek Theological Review, 35, 3: 179-194.
15.
D'Agostino, Francesco1983«Écologie». Dictionnaire de la Vie spirituelle, 280-293. Paris, Cerf.
16.
Derr, T.S.1975«Religion's responsibility for the ecological crisis (Lynn White and his Magical Essay) ». Worldview , 18, 1: 39-45.
17.
DeWitt, Calvin B.1995L'environnement et le chrétien. Pistes de réflexion tirées des Écritures. Québec , Éditions La Clairière.
18.
Dimitrios I, Patriarch1990«Message on environmental protection day» . Greek Orthodox Review, 35, 1 : 1-3.
19.
Drewermann, Eugene1993Le progrès meurtrier. La destruction de la nature et de l'être humain à la lumière de l'héritage du christianisme. Paris, Stock .
20.
Duhaime, J.-L.1983«Remplissez la terre et dominez-la. Gn 1,28 et l'éthique de l'environnement». Cahiers de Recherche Éthique , 9 : 115-128.
21.
Durel, Bernard1995«La création tout entière gémit» . Le Supplément, 192 : 114-120.
22.
Dyrness, W.1987«Stewardship of the earth in the Old Testament». Dans Tending the Garden. Essays on the Gospel and the Earth, 50-65. Grand Rapids, MI, Eerdmans.
23.
Ehrenfeld, D.1985«Some thoughts on nature and Judaism» . Environmental Ethics, 7, 1: 93-95.
24.
Elsdon, R.1981«Christianity and the Environmental Debate» . Dans Bent World. A Christian Response to Environmental Crisis , 9-16. Downers Grove, IL, InterVarsity Press.
25.
Freudenstein, Eric C.1970«Ecology and the Jewish tradition». Judaism, 19: 406-414.
26.
Gordis, Robert1970«"The Earth is the Lord's" - Judaism and the spoliation of nature». Keeping Posted, 16, 3 :5-9.
27.
1985«Ecology and the Jewish tradition». Midstream, 31, 8 : 19-23.
Gregorios, Paulos1978The Human Presence. An Orthodox View of Nature. Genève, World Council of Churches .
30.
Guroian, Vigen19911 «"Cleansers of the whole earth". The ecological spirituality of the Armenian Church». Greek Orthodox Theological Review, 36, 3-4: 263-276.
31.
Hall, Douglas J.1986Imaging God. Dominion as Stewardship. New York, Friendship Press; Grand Rapids, MI, Eerdmans. Traduction française : Louis Vaillancourt, Être image de Dieu. Le stewardshiP de l'humain dans la création. Paris, Cerf, 1998 (Cogitatio Fidei, 213).
32.
1989Thinking the Faith. Christian Theology in a North American Context (t. 1 ) . New York, Fortress Press.
33.
1991 [ 1989] The Steward. A Biblical Symbol Come of Age. New York, Friendship Press ; Grand Rapids, MI, Eerdmans .
34.
1992 «Creation in crisis». Dianonia , 2, 2 : 1-21.
35.
1993Professing the Faith. Christian Theology in a North American Context (t. 2). Minneapolis, Augsburg .
36.
Hallman, David G.1992A Place in Creation. Ecological Visions in Science, Religion and Economics. Toronto, United Church Publishing House.
37.
Harakas, Stanley S.1990«Ecological reflections in contemporary Orthodox thought in Greece». Epiphany, 10, 3 : 46-61.
38.
Helfand, Jonathan1971«Ecology and the Jewish tradition : A postscript» . Judaism, 20 : 330-336.
39.
1986«The earth is the Lord's : Judaism and environmental ethics». Dans Religion and the Environmental Crisis , 38-52.
40.
Henry, C.F.H.1987«Stewardship of the environment». Dans Applying the Scriptures, 473-502. Grand Rapids, MI , Zondervan (Papers from the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy; Summit III).
41.
Himes, Micheal J. et Kenneth R. - 1990«The sacrament of creation. Towards an environmental theology». Commonweal (26 jan.) : 42-49.
42.
Houston, W.1978«"And let them have dominion ... ": Biblical views of man in relation to the environmental crisis». Studia Biblica, 1 : 161-184.
43.
Jegen, M.E. et B.V. Manno1978The Earth is the Lord's. Essays on Stewardship. New York, Paulist Press.
Kehm, G.H.1992«Priest of creation». Horizons in Biblical Theology, 14, 2 : 129-142.
46.
Lamm, Normand1971«Ecology in the Jewish law and theology» . Dans Faith and Doubt. Studies in Traditional Jewish Thought162-185. New York, Ktav .
47.
Lee Ice,Jackson1975«The ecological crisis». Religion in Life, 64, 2: 203-211.
48.
Maloney, George A.1968The Cosmic Christ. From Paul to Teilhard. New York, Sheed and Ward.
49.
Meyendorff, John1983«Creation in the history of Orthodox theology» . St- Vladimirs Theological Quarterly, 27: 27-37.
50.
Moingt, Joseph1993L'homme qui venait de Dieu. Paris, Cerf.
51.
Moltmann,Jurgen1988[1985] Dieu dans la création. Paris, Cerf.
52.
1993 [1989] jésus, le Messie de Dieu. Paris, Cerf.
53.
Muratore, S.1989-90 Earth stewardship. Radical deep ecology of patristic Christianity» . Epiphany, 10, 1-2: 121-133.
54.
Nash, John1991Loving Nature. Ecological Integrity and Christian Responsibility . Nashville, Abingdon .
55.
Parr, M.J.1981Spotlighting Stewardship. Toronto , Canec.
56.
Passmore, J.1974«Stewardship and co-operation with nature». Dans Man's Responsibility for Nature. Ecological Problems and Western Tradition, 28-40. Londres, Gerald Duckworth .
57.
Peacocke, A.R.1975a «On "the historical roots of our ecological crisis"». Dans Man and Nature, 155-158. Londres, Collins .
58.
1975b «A sacramental view of nature». Dans Man and Nature, 132-142. Londres, Collins.
59.
Perelmuter, Hayim G.1994«"Do not destroy" - Ecology in the fabric of Judaism». Dans The Ecological Challenge. Ethical, Liturgical and Spiritual Responses, 129-138. Collegeville, MN , Liturgical Press.
60.
Rasmussen, Larry19911 «Towards an earth charter». The Christian Century, 108 : 964-967.
61.
Ridd, Carl1992«A response to Douglas Hall's "Creation in crisis"» . Dianonia, 2, 2: 22-33.
1988 «Theocentrism. The cornerstone of Christian ecology». Dans Ecology and Life, 151-160. Waco, Word Books.
64.
Santmire, H.P.1985«The liberation of nature. Lynn White's challenge anew». The Christian Century, 102:530-533.
65.
Scott, N.A.1975«The poetry and theology of earth. Reflections on the testimony of Joseph Sittler and Gerard Manley Hopkins». Journal of Religion, 54: 102-118.
66.
Siegwalt, Gérard1986Dogmatique pour la catholicité évangélique, t. 1, v. 1. Genève, Labor et Fides.
67.
1996Dogmatique pour la catholicité évangélique, t. 3, v. 1. Genève, Labor et Fides.
68.
Sittler, Joseph1972«The rhetoric of cosmic extension». Dans Essays on Nature and Grace, 36-50. Philadelphie, Fortress.
69.
Timiadis, E.1983«God as creator and man as steward of creation» . Dans The Nicene Creed. Our Common Faith, 34-37. Philadelphie , Fortress.
70.
Tinker, George E.1989«The integrity of creation». The Ecumenical Review, 41, 4: 527-536.
71.
1992«Creation as kin. An American Indian view». Dans After Nature's Revolt. Eco-justice and Theology, 144-153. Minneapolis , Augsburg Fortress.
72.
1994«The circle of liberation. An American Indian theology of place». Dans Ecotheology. Voices from South and North , 218-224. Maryknoll, NY, Orbis Books; Genève, WCC.
73.
Toynbee, Arnold1973«The genesis of pollution». Horizons, 15, 3 : 5-9.
74.
1974«The religious background of the present environmental crisis». Dans Ecology in Religion and History, 137-149. New York, Harper & Row.
75.
Vaillancourt, Louis1995«La crise du Canada à la lumière de la théologie contextuelle de Douglas J. Hall.»Laval Théologique et Philosophique, 51, 3 : 589-604.
76.
Vattimo, Gianni . 1998Espérer croire. Paris , Seuil.
77.
White Jr., Lynn1967«The historical roots of our ecological crisis» . Science, 155 : 1203-1207.
78.
1973«Continuing the conversation». Dans Western Man and Environmental Ethics, 55-64. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.
79.
Von Rohr Sauer, A.1970«Man as steward of creation». St. Louis University Magazine43, 1 : 43-48.
80.
Wilkinson, Loren1991Earthkeeping in the '90s. Stewardship of Creation . Grand Rapids, MI, Eerdmans .
81.
Wright, R.1970«Responsibility for the ecological crisis» . Christian Scholar's Review, 1 : 35-40.
82.
Young, R.V.1974«Christianity and ecology ( Genesis 1,28 and all that) ». National Review, 26, 51 : 454-458.
83.
Zizioulas, John D.1989a «Preserving God's creation. Three Lectures on theology and ecology» [part 1 ] . King's Theological Review, 12, 1 : 1-5.
