The Functional Performance Measure (FPM) is an instrument developed from grounded theory, and measures daily function in persons with Alzheimer Disease. This paper presents a study testing the reliability and validity of the FPM. The study design is based upon generalizability theory that allows the examination of several “facets” to the total variance of the FPM. Twenty-two clients with Alzheimer disease were videotaped performing three activities of daily living. Twelve raters evaluated the clients' performance using the FPM giving 792 completed measures. The FPM demonstrates high inter-rater reliability, moderate reliability across tasks, and criterion and construct validity. The FPM is a measure that will help occupational therapists identify clients' abilities and deficits so that therapists can determine intervention strategies to improve or maintain clients' functional performance.
ArnadottirG. (1990). The brain and behavior: Assessing cortical dysfunction through activities of daily living. Toronto: C.V. Mosby.
2.
BaumC.EdwardsD.F. (1993). Cognitive performance in senile dementia of the type: The Kitchen Task Assessment. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47, 431–436.
3.
BranchL. G.MeyersA. R. (1987). Assessing physical function in the elderly. Clinical Geriatric Medicine, 3, 29–51.
4.
BriscoeM. E. (1984). Research note. Proxy responses in health surveys: Methodological issues. Sociology of Health and Illness. 6, 359–365.
5.
Canadian Study of Health and Aging Study Centres. (1993). Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 150, 899–913.
6.
CardinetJ.TourneurY.AllalL. (1976). The symmetry of generalizability theory: Applications to educational measurement. Journal of Educational Measurement, 13, 119–135.
7.
Carswell-OpzoomerM.A.PuxtyJ.WalopW.TeaffeM. (1993). The prevalence of dementia in long term care facilities in Ottawa-Carleton. Canadian Journal on Aging, 12, 360–372.
8.
CarswellM.A.CarsonL.J.WalopW.ZgolaJ. (1992). A qualitative approach to data collection and theory formation: The Functional Performance Measure. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy; 59, 132–140.
9.
ErnstA. B.ErnstD. C. (1984). Functional capacity. In MangenD. J. & PetersonW. A. (Eds.), Health, Program Evaluation and Demography (Vol. 3). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
10.
FischerL.VisintainerP.F.SchulzR. (1989). Reliable assessment of cognitive impairment in dementia patients by family caregivers. Gerontologist, 29, 33–335.
11.
FolsteinM.F.FolsteinS.E.McHughP.R. (1975). Mini-Mental State, A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
12.
GeorgeL. K.FillenbaumG. G. (1985). OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 33, 607–615.
13.
HendersonA. (1983). The coming epidemic of dementia. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 117.
14.
JormA. F.KortenA. E.HendersonA. S. (1987). The prevalence of dementia: A quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 76, 465–479.
15.
KatzS.FordA.B.MoskowitzR.W.JacksonB.A.JaffeM.W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 914–919.
16.
KatzS.StroudM.W.MorrisS. (1989). Functional assessment in geriatrics: A review of progress and directions. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 37, 267–271.
17.
KinneyJ.M.StephensM.A. (1989). Caregiving Hassles Scale: Assessing the daily hassles of caring for a family member with dementia. Gerontologist, 29, 328–332.
18.
LauterH. (1985). What do we know about Alzheimer disease today?Danish Medical Bulletin, 32 (s1), 1–21.
19.
LawtonM.P.BrodyE.M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–186.
20.
LowensteinD. A.AmigoE.DuaraR.GutermanA.HurwitzD.BerkowitzN.WilkieF.WeinbergG.BlackB.GittlemanB.EisdorferC. (1989). A new scale for the assessment of functional status in Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Journal of Gerontology, 44, 114–121.
21.
MahurinR. K.De BettigniesB. H.PirozzoloF. J. (1991). Structured assessment of independent living skills: Preliminary report of a performance measure of functional abilities in dementia. Journal of Gerontology, 46, 58–66.
22.
McKahnnG.DrachmanD.FolsteinM.KatzmanR.PriceD.StadlanE.M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the department of health and human services task force of Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.
23.
McDowellI.NewellC. (1987). Measuring health. A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. New York: Oxford University Press.
24.
MortimerJ.A.EbbittB.JunS.P.FinchM.D. (1992). Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 42, 1689–1696.
25.
ReedB.R.JagustW.J.SeabJ.P. (1989). Mental status as a predictor of daily function in progressive dementia. The Gerontologist, 29, 804–870.
26.
ReisbergB.FerrisS. H.FranssenE. (1985). An ordinal functional assessment tool for Alzheimer type dementia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 36, 593–595.
27.
ReisbergB.FerrisS.H.AnandR.de LeonM.J.SchneckM.K.ButtingerC.BorensteinJ. (1984). Functional staging of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 435, 481–483.
28.
SeidelJ.V.KjolsethR.SeymourE. (1988). The Ethnograph: A User's Guide. Littleton, Colorado: Qualis Research Associates.
29.
SchulzR.WilliamsonG.M. (1991). A 2-year longitudinal study of depression among caregivers. Psychology of Aging, 6, 569–578.
30.
StreinerD.NormanG.R. (1991). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications.
31.
TengE.L.ChuiH.C. (1987). The modified mini-mental state (3MS) examination. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48, 314–319.
32.
VitalianoP.P.RussoJ.YoungH.M.TeriL.MaiuroR.D. (1991). Predictors of burden in spouse caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer disease. Psychology and Aging, 6, 392–402.
