Participation in occupations is vital for learning and development. Children with disabilities are at risk for decreased participation.
Purpose.
The purpose of this study is to examine peer-reviewed literature about the participation-based experiences of children and youth with disabilities in activities outside of formal preschool and school academics.
Method.
A scoping review was conducted to examine research studies published between 1990 and 2012. Studies included participants from 2 to 18 years who had at least one physical or intellectual/cognitive disability.
Findings.
Forty-nine articles discussing 32 studies and three systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Perceptions of and influences on participation were important emerging themes about direct impacts on patterns of participation. A child or youth’s level of functioning, activity level, level of enjoyment, and contextual factors were found to influence their level of successful participation.
Implications.
Occupational therapists can use the findings from this review to consider supports and barriers within interventions to enhance participation in meaningful life situations.
Description.
La participation à des occupations est essentielle à l’apprentissage et au développement. Les enfants handicapés risquent d’avoir un degré participation moindre que les autres enfants.
But.
Le but de cette étude est d’analyser la littérature examinée par les pairs traitant des expériences liées à la participation d’enfants et de jeunes handicapés à des activités en dehors des activités préscolaires et scolaires.
Méthodologie.
Une étude de délimitation de l’étendue a été effectuée en vue d’examiner des études réalisées entre 1990 et 2012. Les participants à ces études étaient âgés de 2 à 18 ans, et ils avaient au moins un handicap physique ou intellectuel/cognitif.
Résultats.
Quarante-neuf articles décrivant 32 études et trois revues systématiques répondaient aux critères d’inclusion de l’étude. Les perceptions face à la participation et les facteurs influant sur la participation comptaient parmi les thèmes importants ayant des impacts directs sur les schèmes de participation. L’étude a permis de déterminer que le niveau de fonctionnement, le niveau d’activité, le degré de plaisir et les facteurs contextuels exerçaient une influence sur le degré de participation des sujets.
Conséquences.
Les ergothérapeutes peuvent s’appuyer sur les résultats de cette étude pour examiner les mécanismes de soutien et les barrières face aux interventions, en vue de rehausser la participation des jeunes et des enfants handicapés à des situations significatives de la vie.
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