Description. Les ergothérapeutes ont des hypothèses de base sur l'occupation qui sont rarement contestées et qui sont tenues pour vraies. Ces suppositions sous-tendent nos théories sur l'occupation humaine. But. Examiner certaines des hypothèses de base qui éclairent la théorie actuelle en ergothérapie et déterminer si ces hypothèses sont associées à des cultures spécifiques ou si elles sont appuyées par des données probantes. Questions clés. Des faits scientifiques suggèrent que certaines hypothèses fermement ancrées en ergothérapie sont le reflet de perspectives spécifiques plutôt que de perspectives universelles; qu'un grand nombre d'occupations significatives ne peuvent être mises en correspondance avec les catégories d'occupations associées aux soins personnels, à la productivité ou aux loisirs; que le concept du loisir est un concept capacitiste, associé à certaines classes et cultures spécifiques; que les modèles actuels sur l'occupation ne tiennent pas compte des activités motivées par nos liens avec les autres; que la productivité n'est pas considérée universellement comme étant fondamentale pour trouver un sens à la vie et qu'elle n'est pas universellement perçue comme un déterminant positif de la santé; et que l'indépendance ou l'autonomie n'est pas valorisée universellement. Conséquences. Les théories sur l'occupation en ergothérapie gagneraient à être appuyées par une base de données solides émanant de diverses perspectives culturelles.
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