The Toronto Conference

Berry, T. (1988). The dream of the earth. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.

Brown, L. R. (1992). State of the world, 1992. New York: Norton.

Buchholz, R. A. (1993). Principles of environmental management: The greening of business. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Carroll, A. B. (1993). Business and society: Ethics and stakeholder management. Cincinnati: South-Western.

Donaldson, T. , & Preston, L. E. (1993). "The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, implications." Submitted to the Academy of Management Review.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pittman.

Mitroff, I. (1983). Stakeholders of the organization mind. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Schell, J. (1982). Fate of the earth. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Starik, M. (1993, March). "Is the environment an organizational stakeholder? Naturally!" Paper presented at the 1993 Fourth Annual Conference of the International Association for Business and Society, San Diego. (A revised version of this article is currently under review)

Stead, W. E. , & Stead, J. G. (1992). Management for a small planet. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Aoki, M. (1984). The co-operative game theory ofthefim. New York: Oxford University Press.

Brenner, S. N. , & Cochran, P/ L. (1991). The stakeholder theory of the firm: Implications for business and society theory and research. Proceeding of the 1991 International Association for Business and Society Annual Meeting, 449-467.

Dodd, E. M. (1932). For whom are corporate managers trustees? Harvard Law Review, 45, 1145-1163.

Ward, B. (1958). The firm in Illyria: Market syndicalism. American Economic Review, 66(4), 373-386.

Brenner, S. N. , & Cochran, P. (1991). The stakeholder theory of the firm: Implications for business and society theory and research. In J. F. Mahon (Ed.), InternationalAssociation for Business and Society-1991 Proceedings, 449-467.

Donaldson, T. , & Preston, L. E. (in press). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, implications. Academy of Management Review.

Etzioni, A. (1988). The moral dimension. New York: Basic Books.

Frank, R. H. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of emotions. New York: Norton.

Becker, L. C. (1978). Property rights. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Becker, L. C. (1992a). Property. In L. D. Becker & C. B. Becker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of ethics, Vol. 2 (pp. 1023-1027). New York: Garland.

Becker, L. C. (1992b). Places for pluralism. Ethics, 102, 707-719.

Friedman, M. (1970, September). The social responsibility is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, pp. 32-33.

Honore, A. M. (1961). Ownership. In A. G. Guest (Ed.), Oxford essays in jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon.

Munzer, S. R. (1992). A theory of property. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Nader, R. , & Green, M. J. (Eds.). (1973). Corporate powerin America. New York: Grossman.

Pejovich, S. (1990). The economics of property rights: Towards a theory of comparative systems. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.

Demb, A. , & Neubauer, F.-F. (1992). The corporate board: Confronting the paradoxes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholderapproach. Marsbfield, MA: Pitmm.

Goodpaster, K. E. (1991). Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1, 53-73.

Aupperle, K. E. , Carroll, A. B. , & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.

Carroll, A. B. (1991). Corporate social performance measurement: A commentary on methods for evaluating an elusive construct. In J. E. Post (Ed.), Research in corporate social performance and policy (Vol. 12, pp. 385-401). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

Clarkson, M.B.E. (1991).Defining, evaluating, and managing corporate social performance: The stakeholder management model. In J. E. Post (Ed.), Research in corporate social performance and policy (Vol. 12). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

Cochran, P. L. , & Wood, R. A. (1984).Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 42-56.

Donaldson, T. , & Preston, L. E. (1993). The stakeholder theory ofthe corporation: Concepts, evidence, implications. Working paper.

McGuire, J. B. , Sundgren, A. , & Schmeeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 854-872.

Preston, L. E. , & Sapeinza, H. J. (1990).Stakeholder management and corporate performance. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 19(4), 361-375.

Staik, M. , & Carroll, A. B. (1990). In search of beneficence: Reflections on the connections between firm social and financial performance. Proceedings: International Association for Business and Society 1990 Annual Meeting, 1-15.