Comparison of the effects of human erythrocyte ghosts and intact erythrocytes on platelet interactions with subendothelium in flowing blood

Abstract

We investigated whether ghosts behaved similarly to intact erythrocytes to maintain regular primary hemostasis under flow conditions. To this end we performed perfusion experiments with whole blood in which erythrocytes were replaced by pink ghosts, and platelet interaction with the subendothelial surface of a damaged vessel was morphometrically evaluated. The same objective was sought by means of studies with a platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100^TM instrument). Perfusions performed with control blood reconstituted with intact erythrocytes gave rise to 0.4±0.2% contact but not spread platelets, 10.8±3.4% adhering and spread platelets, 16.3±4.6% platelets in thrombi, with 27.5±7.4% of the surface covered. Even though the average diameter of the ghosts was smaller than that of intact erythrocytes (5.3 μm vs. 7.7 μm), the values obtained in perfusions performed with ghosts were similar to those of the erythrocyte controls. Studies performed with the PFA‐100^TM analyzer were consistent with those observed in perfusion studies. The viscosity of control blood was compared with that of blood reconstituted with ghosts. At shear rates lower than 450 s⁻¹, the viscosity of the ghost samples was higher than that of the controls, but the difference progressively decreased as shear rate increased up to 750 s⁻¹ (3.61±0.15 and 3.71±0.17 cP, respectively). In conclusion, the results of our study showed that ghosts behaved similarly to intact erythrocytes in maintaining a normal platelet interaction with digested subendothelium, under conditions of moderate shear rate and constant hematocrit (40%). The rheological activity of ghosts, bodies that are metabolically less active, was sufficient for them to satisfactorily act as substitutes for intact erythrocytes in our system.