Theory pertaining to human development suggests that as students advance through the secondary-school grades, the learning structures should become less obvious and less restrictive. A study of secondary-school experiences in Queensland, however, suggests that, except in the area of extracurricular activities, the structures become more obvious and more restrictive as the students move from Year 8 to Year 12. This increase in structure is accompanied by increasing disenchantment on the part of the students.
References
1.
BremerJ.On Educational Change. Arlington: National Association of Elementary School Principals, 1973.
2.
CampbellE. M.CampbellW. J.A comparative study of teaching styles in the state secondary schools of New Zealand and Queensland. Australian Journal of Education, 1978, 22, 1–12.
3.
HuntD. E.A conceptual level matching model for coordinating learner characteristics with educational approaches. Interchange, 1970, 1, 3, 68–82.
4.
HuntD. E.Matching Models in Education. Toronto: The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1971.
5.
HuntD. E.The b-p-e paradigm for theory, research and practice. Canadian Psychological Review, 1975, 16, 3, 185–197.
6.
PaceC. R.College and University Environment Scales, Technical Manual. Princeton: Institutional Research Program for Higher Education, Educational Testing Service, 1969.
7.
PaceC. R.Higher Education Measurement and Evaluation Kit. California: University of California at Los Angeles, 1971.
8.
RenwickW. L.Shaping and re-shaping the system. In RenwickW. L.InghamL. J. (Eds.) Educational Planning in New Zealand. Wellington: Government Printer, 1974.
9.
VeroffJ.Social comparison and the development of achievement motivation. In SmithC. P. (Ed.) Achievement-Related Motives in Children. New York: Russell Sage, 1969, 46–101.
10.
WattsB. H.Increasing achievement aspirations and motivation through teaching. In MaehrM. L.StallingsW. M. (Eds.) Culture, Child, and School. Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole, 1975, 229–248.