NewmanD J (1978) Introduction to Criminal Justice, 2nd ed.New York: Lippincott p 308.
2.
Ibid.
3.
For a useful account of “open” prisons seeTomasicRDobinsonI (1979) The Failure of Imprisonment. SydneyAllen and Unwin pp 122–4.
4.
“Individual-oriented approaches which explain criminality as a result of genetic defects, emotional imbalance, psychiatric disorder, asocial drives, ego-superego conflict, or faulty socialisation and education”, JohnsonE H (1978) Crime, Correction and Society, 4th ed, Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey p 258.
5.
BaileyW C (1966) “Correctional Outocme: An Evaluation of 100 Reports”, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science57 (June) 153–60.
6.
CresseyD R (1965) “Prison Organisations” in MarchJ G(ed)Handbook Organisations. Chicago: Rand McNally, p 1037.
7.
A term adopted by a seminar of criminal justice participants at the Australian Institute of Criminology, 1984.
8.
NoadB M(ed)Developmental Programems for Prisoners, Seminar Proceedings, No 5, October1984, Australian Institute of Criminology, p 1.
9.
Finance, professionally trained staff, equipment and a non-threatening environment.
10.
SeeJohnson, op cit, pp 485–8.
11.
Ibid, pp 258–60.
12.
MillerM M (1975) Evaluating Community Treatment Programmes, Toronto: Heath & Co p 12.
13.
Ibid.
14.
MartinsonR (1974) “What Works? Questions and Answers about Prison Reform” Public Interest, 35 (October) 22–54.
15.
16.
13 years prison service, nine as a uniformed officer, four as welfare officer prior to current position.
17.
BraithwaiteJCassM (1979) “Note on the Demographic Composition of Australian Police Forces and Prison Services” 12ANZJ Crim132.
18.
BullardC G “A Sociological Study of Prison Officers in NSW: A Stressful Occupation”, unpublished PhD thesis, University of NSW.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Ibid.
21.
This in fact raises an issue, presently being researched by the author, of managerial recruitment from the internal uniformed rank structure.
22.
BerkB B (1966) “Organisational Goals and Inmate Organisation” American J Soc71, 522–535.
23.
For example, Martinson's argument does not support Berk's claim. Martinson, op cit.
24.
Berk, op cit, p 527.
25.
Ibid.
26.
PalumboD J “Evaluation Policy Implementation: Central Issues in Comparative Analysis”, paper presented to the International Political Science Association Meetings in Paris, France, July1985, p 1.
27.
Ibid.
28.
Ibid.
29.
Ibid.
30.
Ibid.
31.
For a full list of generalisations see pp 6–7.
32.
Palumbo, op cit, p 7.
33.
Ibid.
34.
Ibid, p 19.
35.
This opened several years after the male prison.
36.
See Controller of Prisons annual reports to Parliament of Tasmania, 1975–85.
37.
Ibid.
38.
TomasicRDobinsonI, op cit.
39.
Ibid, p 41.
40.
Ibid.
41.
Ibid, p 42.
42.
Ibid.
43.
Ibid.
44.
Ibid.
45.
Noad, op cit, p 2.
46.
Ibid.
47.
Adapted from correctional models and programmes byJoplinJ WHendricksJ E (1981) “Correctional Management: A Philosophical Perspective”, Corrections Today pp 85–8, 43, 6.
48.
Inmate's letter from HMP Risdon, undated, p1,
49.
Ibid.
50.
Ibid, pp 2–3.
51.
Ibid, p 3.
52.
Ibid, p 8.
53.
Ibid.
54.
KingR D (1982) “Industrial Relations in the Prison Services” Harvard JournalXXI, 71–5.
55.
Ibid, p 72.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Ibid, p 73.
58.
HoweH J in Noad, op cit, p 81.
59.
For a full account seeVinsonT (1982) Wilful Obstructions. Nth Ryde, SydneyMethuen.
60.
Cressey, in March, op cit, p 1038.
61.
Palumbo, op cit.
62.
For example, the New South Wales Government allowed the Katingal isolation unit to be reopened in 1979 for several months to house one inmate who proved to be extremely dangerous.
