The Clinical Value of Glycated Haemoglobin and Glycated Plasma Proteins

Bang I. In: Bergmann JF , ed. Der Blutzucker Wiesbaden 1913: 162.

Jacobsen ATB . Untersuchung uber den Einfluss verschiedener Nahrungsmittel auf den Blutzucker bei normalen zuckerkranken und graviden Personen. Biochem Z 1913; 56: 471–94.

Gabbay KH . Hyperglycaemia, polyol metabolism and complications of diabetes mellitus. Ann Rev Med 1975; 26: 521–50.

West KM . Hyperglycaemia as a cause of long term complications. In: Keen H Jarrett R , eds. Complications of Diabetes. 2nd ed. London: Arnold, 1982; 13–18.

Robins SP Bailey AJ . Age-related changes in collagen: The identification of reducible lysine-carbohydrate condensation products. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48: 76–84.

Bailey AJ Robins SP Tanner MJA . Reducible components in the proteins of human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 1976; 434: 51–7.

Stevens VJ Rouzer CA Monnier VM Diabetic cataract formation: Potential role of glycosylation of lens crystallins. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1978; 75: 2918–22.

Vlassara H Brownlee M Cerami A. Excessive nonenzymatic glycosylation of peripheral and central nervous system myelin components in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1983; 32: 670–4.

Paisey RB Clamp RJ Kent MJC Glycosylation of hair: Possible measure of chronic hyperglycaemia. Br Med J 1984; 288: 669–71.

Schleicher E Scheller L Wieland OH . Non-enzymatic glycosylation of human serum lipoproteins: Elevated lysine-glycosylated low density lipoproteins in diabetic patients. FEBS Lett 1981; 129: 1–4.

Brownlee M Vlassara H Kooney T Amino-guanidine prevents diabetes-induced arterial wall protein cross-linking. Science 1986; 232: 1629–32.

Allen DW Schroeder WA Balog J. Observations on the chromatographic heterogeneity of normal and foetal hemoglobin: A study of the effect of crystallisation and chromatography on the heterogeneity and isoleucine content. J Am Chem Soc 1958; 80: 1628–34.

Bunn HF . Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. Diabetes 1981; 30: 613–7.

Rahbar S. An abnormal hemoglobin in the cells of diabetics. Clin Chim Acta 1968; 22: 296–8.

Trivelli LH Ranney HM Lai H-T. Hemoglobin components in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1971; 284: 353–7.

Day JF Thorpe SR Baynes JW . Non-enzymatically glucosylated albumin. J Biol Chem 1979; 254: 595–7.

Dolhofer R Wieland OH . Glycosylation of serum albumin: Elevated glycosyl-albumin in diabetic patients. FEBS Lett 1979; 103: 282–6.

Dolhofer R Wieland OH . Increased glycosylation of serum albumin in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1980; 29: 417–22.

Goldstein DE Little RR Wiedermayer H-M Glycated hemoglobin: Methodologies and clinical applications. Clin Chem 1986; 32: B64–70.

Armbruster DA . Fructosamine: Structure, analysis and clinical usefulness. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 2153–63.

Campanucci P Cartechini MC Bolli G The importance of determining irreversibly glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetics. Diabetes 1981; 30: 607–12.

Widness JS Rogler-Brown TL McCormick KL Rapid fluctuations in glycohaemoglobin (HbAlc) related to acute changes in glucose. J Clin Lab Med 1980; 95: 366–94.

Svendsen PA Christiansen JS Soegaard U Rapid changes in a chromatographically determined haemoglobin Alc induced by short term changes in glucose concentration. Diabetologia 1980; 19, 130–6.

Goldstein DB Peth SB England JD Effects of acute changes in blood glucose on HbAlc. Diabetes 1980; 29, 623–8.

Abraham EC Huff TA Cope ND Determination of the glycosylated hemoglobins (HbAl) with a new microcolumn procedure: Suitability of the technique for assessing the clinical management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1978; 27: 931–7.

Johnson RN Metcalf PA Baker JR . Fructosamine: A new approach to the estimation of serum glycoprotein. An indication of diabetic control. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 127: 87–95.

Dolhofer R Wieland OH . Improvement of the thiobarbituric acid assay for serum glycosylprotein determination. Clin Chim Acta 1981; 112: 197–204.

Baker JR Metcalf PA Johnson RN Use of protein-based standards in automated colorimetric determinations of fructosamine in serum. Clin Chem 1985; 31: 1550–4.

Hindle EJ Rostron GM Gatt JA . The measurement of serum fructosamine: An alternative to glycated haemoglobin. Ann Clin Biochem 1985; 22: 84–9.

Austin GE Mullins RH Morin LG . Non-enzymatic glycation of individual plasma proteins in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic patients. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 2220–4.

Mosca A Carenini A Zoppi F Plasma protein as measured by fructosamine assay. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 1141–6.

Dods RF Bolney C. Glycosylated haemoglobin assay and glucose tolerance tests compared for detection of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 764–8.

Dix D Cohen P Kingsley S Glycohemoglobin and glucose tolerance tests compared as indicators of borderline diabetes. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 877–9.

Dunn PJ Cole RA Soeldner JS Reproducibility of hemoglobin Alc and sensitivity to various degrees of glucose intolerance. Ann Intern Med 1979; 91: 390–6.

Lev-Ran A Vanderlaan WP . Glycohemoglobins and glucose tolerance. JAMA 1979; 241: 912–4.

Lev-Ran A. Glycohemoglobin: Its use in the follow-up of diabetes and the diagnosis of glucose intolerance. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141: 747–9.

Orchard TJ Daneman D Becker DJ Glycosylated haemoglobin: A screening test for diabetes mellitus? Prev Med 1982; 11: 595–601.

Lester E Frazer AD Shepherd CA Glycosylated haemoglobin as an alternative to the glucose tolerance test. Ann Clin Biochem 1985; 22: 74–9.

Forrest RD Jackson CA Yudkin JS . The glycohaemoglobin assay as a screening test for diabetes mellitus: The Islington survey. Diabetic Med 1987; 4: 254–9.

Forrest RD Jackson CA Gould BJ Four assay methods for glycated hemoglobin compared as screening tests for diabetes mellitus: The Islington diabetes survey. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 145–8.

Baker JR O'Connor JP Metcalf PA Clinical usefulness of estimation of fructosamine concentration as a screening test for diabetes mellitus. Br Med J 1983; 287: 863–7.

Salemans THB Van Dieijen-Visser MP Brombacher PJ . The value of HbAl and fructosamine in predicting impaired glucose tolerance as an alternative to the oral glucose tolerance test to detect diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. Ann Clin Biochem 1987; 24: 447–52.

Fuller JH Shipley MJ Rose G Coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance: The Whitehall study. Lancet 1980; i: 1376–6.

Jarrett RJ McCarthy P Keen H. The Bedford study: Ten year mortality rates in newly diagnosed diabetics, borderline diabetics and normoglycaemic controls and risk indices for coronary heart disease in borderline diabetics. Diabetologia 1982; 22: 79–84.

Lind T Cheyne GA . Effect of normal pregnancy on the glycosylated haemoglobins. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1979; 86: 210–3.

Widness JA Schwartz HC Kahn CB Glycohemoglobin in diabetic pregnancy: A sequential study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136: 1024–9.

Ryan EA Stark R Crockford PM Assessment of value of glycosylated albumin and protein in detection of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1987; 10: 213–6.

Roberts AB Court DI Henley P. Fructosamine in diabetic pregnancy. Lancet 1983; ii: 998–9.

Koenig RJ Peterson CM Kilo C Hemoglobin Alc as an indicator of the degree of glucose intolerance in diabetics. Diabetes 1976; 25: 230–2.

Koenig RJ Peterson CM Jones Rl Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin Alc in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1976; 295: 417–20.

Gabbay KH Hasty K Breslow JL Glycosylated hemoglobins and long term blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 44: 859–64.

Goldstein DE Parker M England JD Clinical application of glycosylated hemoglobin measurements. Diabetes 1982; 31: (Suppl 3): 70–8.

Boden MD Master RW Gordon SS Monitoring metabolic control in diabetic outpatients with glycosylated hemoglobin. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92: 357–60.

Baker JR Johnson RN Scott DJ . Serum fructosamine in patients with type 11 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes during changes in management. Br Med J 1984; 288: 1484–6.

Hindle EJ Rostron GM Clark SA Serum fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin measurements in diabetic control. Arch Dis Child 1986; 61: 113–7.

Nathan DM Singer DE Hurxthal K The clinical information value of the glycosylated hemoglobin assay. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 341–6.

Spevack M Johnson Bennett S Harkavy JM Judgments of diabetic control: Reliability and mathematical simulation. Diabetes Care 1987; 10: 217–24.

Eross J Kreutzmann D Jimenez M Colorimetric glycosylated protein in whole blood, red blood cells, plasma and dried blood. Ann Clin Biochem 1984; 21: 477–83.

Brousolle C Sandek CD . Assessment of glycosylated haemoglobin measurement with sample collection papers. Diabetes Care 1987; 10, 352–6.

Rendell M Brannan C Nierenberg J Finger-stick glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma protein and albumin. Diabetes Care 1987; 10, 629–32.