This paper deals with the variability of the practical coefficient of the first ionisation equilibrium of carbonic acid as related to the CO2 in the liquid phase (Henderson-Hasselbalch equation)
and that of the practical coefficient of the first ionisation equilibrium of carbonic acid as related to the CO2 in the gas phase (modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation)
References
1.
TrenchardDNobleMIMGuzA. Serum carbonic acid pK′1 abnormalities in patients with acid-base disturbances. Clin Sci1967; 32: 189–200
2.
SinclairMJHartRAPopeHMCampbellEJM. The use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in routine medical practice. Clin Chim Acta1968; 19: 63–9
3.
WillsMRLaitePA. Apparent change in the pK′1 of carbonic acid in plasma in response to acute metabolic acidosis in normal subjects. Clin Chim Acta1971; 35: 514–6
4.
LindenRJNormanJ. The imprecision arising from the application of the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship of the blood of anestheized dogs. J Physiol1971; 215: 491–507
5.
NatelsonSNobleD. Effect of the variation of pK′1 of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation on values obtained for total CO2 calculated from pCO2 and pH values. Clin Chem1977; 23: 767–9
6.
Van StekelenburgGJValkCDonckerwoldeRAMG. More about the variation of the apparent dissociation constant (pK′1g) of carbonic acid: an attempt at a theoretical explanation. In: Siggaard-AndersenO, ed. Blood pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen and calcium-ion. Copenhagen: Private Press, 1981: 63–75
7.
TibiLBhattacharyaSSFlearCTG. Variability in pK′1 of human plasma. Clin Chem Acta1982; 121: 15–31
8.
MaasAHJVisserBFVan LeeuwenAMOverbeekJThG. An overall equation for the first ionization equilibrium of carbonic-acid. Pflügers Arch1968; 304: 20–9
9.
MaasAHJVan HeystANPVisserBF. The determination of the true equilibrium constant (pK1g) and the practical equilibrium constant (pK′1g) for the first ionization of carbonic acid in solutions of sodium bicarbonate, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and serum at 25 and 38°C. Clin Chim Acta1971; 33: 325–43
10.
HasselbalchKA. Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensäure desselben, und die Sauerstoffbindung des Blutes als Funktion der Wasserstofzahl. Biochem Z1916; 78: 112–44
11.
Siggaard-AndersenO. The first dissociation exponent of carbonic acid as a function of pH. Scand J Clin Lab1962; 14: 587–97
12.
GambinoSR. Determination of blood pCO2. Clin Chem1961; 7: 236–45
13.
GambinoSR. The value of pK′″1 in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest1963; 15: 104–5
14.
RispensPDellebarreCWEleveldDHelderWZijlstraWG. The apparent first dissociation constant of carbonic acid in plasma between 16 and 42·5°C. Clin Chim Acta1968; 22: 627–37
15.
AustinWHFerranteVAndersonC. Evaluation of the whole blood pK′1 in the acutely ill patient. J Lab Clin Med1968; 72: 129–35
16.
AustinWHFerranteVRitchieR. Effect of abnormal plasma constituents on the pK′1 of whole blood. Am J Clin Pathol1969; 51: 799–801
17.
BartelsHWrbitskyR. Bestimmung des CO2-Absorptionskoeffizienten zwischen 15 und 38°C in Wasser und Plasma. Pflügers Arch1960; 271: 162–8
18.
AustinHWLacombeERandPWChatterjeeM. Solubility of carbon dioxide in serum from 15–38°C. J Appl Physiol1963; 18: 301–4
19.
Van SlijkeDDSendroyJHastingsABNeillJM. Studies of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood. The solubility of carbon dioxide at 38°C in water, salt solution, serum and blood cell. J Biol Chem1928; 78: 764–99
20.
ShedlovskyThMcInnesDA. The first ionization constant of carbonic acid, 0–38°C from conductance measurements. J Am Chem Soc1935; 57: 1705
21.
MaasAHJVisserBF. The overall first ionization equation of carbonic acid as related to CO2 in gas phase: A new pK. In: DurstRA, ed. Blood pH, gases and electrolytes. NBS Special Publication 450, Washington DC, USA: US Government Printing Office, 1977: 119–26
22.
RispensPBrunstingJRZijlstraWGVan KampenEJ. Determination of total carbon dioxide in blood and plasma by means of the cediometer. Theory and experimental verification. Clin Chim Acta1968; 22: 261–70
23.
MookGAVan AssendelftOWKwantGLandsmanMLJ. Two-colour reflection oximetry. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam series C1976; 79: 472–91
24.
International Committee for Standardization in Haematology.Recommendations for Haemoglobinometry in human blood. Brit J Haemat1967; 13 (Suppl.): 71–5
25.
RispensPBrunstingJRZockJPZijlstraWG. A modified Singer-Hasting nomogram. J Appl Physiol1973; 34: 377–82
26.
MaasAHJVeefkindAHVan den CampRAMTeunissenAJ. Evaluation of ampouled tonometered buffer solutions as a quality-control system for pH, pCO2 and pO2 measurement. Clin Chem1977; 23: 1718–25
27.
ZweensJSchiphofP. Permanent catheterization of aorta and pulmonary artery in the dog. Pflügers Arch1976; 362: 201–2
28.
De RaedtMVandenberghEVan de WoestijneKP. Direct and indirect determination of partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood of patients with respiratory insufficiency. Clin Sci1968; 35: 347–52
29.
AustinWH. Further comments on the variation of pK′1: computation (HCO3−) independent of pK′1 and solubility coefficient. Clin Chem1978; 24: 1081–2
30.
NatelsonSNobleD. More on blood bicarbonate measurement. Clin Chem1978; 24: 1082–3
31.
WaughWH. Utility of expressing serum sodium per unit of water in assessing hyponatremia. Metabolism1969; 18: 706–12
32.
CovingtonAKRobinsonRASarbarM. Determination of carbonate in the presence of hydroxide. Evidence for the existence of a novel species from first-derivative potentiometric titration curves. Anal Chim Acta1981; 130: 93–102
33.
ForsterRECrandallED. Time course of exchanges between red cells and extracellular fluid during CO2 uptake. J Appl Physiol1975; 38: 710–8
WinckersEKATeunissenAJVan den CampRAMMaasAHJ. A comparative study of the electrode systems of three pH and blood gas apparatus. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem1978; 16: 175–85
36.
HoodICampbellEJM. Is pK OK?New Engl J Med1982; 306: 864–6
37.
GennariFJRyanDHHoltJCampbellEJM. Is pK OK?New Engl J Med1982; 306: 683–4