SteinerDFOyerPE.The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1967: 56: 473–80.
2.
ChanceREEllisRMBromerWW.Porcine proinsulin: characterization and amino acid sequence. Science1968; 161: 165–7.
3.
ClarkJLChoSRubensteinAHSteinerDFIsolation of a proinsulin connecting peptide fragment (C-peptide) from bovine and human pancreas. Biochem Biophys Res Comm1969; 35: 456–61.
4.
SteinerDF.Proinsulin. Triangle1972; 11: 51–60.
5.
LacyPE.β-cell secretion from the standpoint of a pathobiologist. Diabetes1970; 19: 895–905.
6.
SorensenRLSteffesMWLindallAW.Subcellular localization of proinsulin to insulin conversion in isolated rat islets. Endocrinology1970; 86: 88–96.
7.
KemmlerWPetersonJDSteinerDF.Studies on the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. I-Conversion in vitro with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. J Biol Chem1971; 246: 6786–91.
8.
RubensteinAHClarkJLMelaniFSteinerDF.Secretion of proinsulin C-peptide by pancreatic β cells and its circulation in blood. Nature (London)1969; 224: 697–9.
9.
HorwitzDLStarrJIMakoMEBlackardWGRubensteinAH.Proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood. J Clin Invest1975; 55: 1278–83.
10.
HedingLGRasmussenS. MunkgaardHuman C-peptide in normal and diabetic subjects. Diabetologia1975; 11: 201–6.
11.
RubensteinAHKuzuyaMDHorwitzDL.Clinical significance of circulating C-peptide in diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemic disorders. Arch Intern Med.1977; 137: 625–32.
12.
KitabchiAE.Proinsulin and C-peptide: a review. Metabolism1977; 26: 547–87.
13.
SteinerDF.On the role of the proinsulin C-peptide. Diabetes1978: 28 (suppl 1): 145–8.
14.
RubensteinAHWelbourneWPMakoMMelaniFSteinerDF.Comparative immunology of bovine, porcine and human proinsulins and C-peptides. Diabetes1970; 19: 546–53.
15.
KuzuyaHChanceRESteinerDFRubensteinAH.On the preparation and characterization of standard materials for natural human proinsulin and C-peptide. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 161–9.
16.
MelaniFRubensteinAHOyerPESteinerDF.Identification of proinsulin and C-peptide in human serum by specific immunoassay. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1970; 67: 148–55.
17.
YanaiharaNYanaiharaCSakagamiMSakuraNHashimotoTNishidaT.Syntheses of C-peptides and human proinsulin. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 149–60.
18.
KuzuyaH.BlixPMHorwitzDLRubensteinAHSteinerDFFaberOKBinderC.Heterogeneity of circulating human C-peptide. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 184–91.
19.
KanekoTOkaHMunemuraMOdaTYamashitaKSuzukiSYanaiharaNHashimotoTYanaiharaC.Radioimmunoassay of human proinsulin C-peptide using synthetic human connecting peptide. Endocrinol Japon1974; 21: 141–5.
20.
HorwitzDLRubensteinAHSteinerDF.Proinsulin and C-peptide in diabetes. Med Clin North Am1978; 62: 723–33.
21.
FaberOKBinderCMarkussenJHedingLGNaithaniVKKuzuyaHBlixPHorwitzDLRubensteinAH.Characterization of seven C-peptide antisera. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 170–7.
22.
HedingLG.Radioimmunological determination of human C-peptide in serum. Diabetologia1975; 11: 541–8.
23.
GordenPHendricksCMRothJ.Circulating proinsulin-like component in man-increased proportion in hypoinsulinemia states. Diabetologia1974; 11: 469–74.
24.
TurnerRCHedingLG.Plasma proinsulin, C-peptide and insulin in diagnostic suppression tests for insulinomas. Diabetologia1977; 13: 351–7.
25.
DuckworthWCKitabchiAEHeinemannM.Direct measurement of plasma proinsulin in normal and diabetic subjects. Am J Med.1972; 53: 418–27.
26.
GabbayKHDeLucaKFisherJNJnrMakoMERubensteinAH.Familial hyperproinsulinemia: an autosomal dominant defect. N Eng J Med.1976; 294: 911–5.
27.
HedingLG.Insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin in non-diabetics and insulin-treated diabetics: characterization of the proinsulin in insulin treated diabetics. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 178–83.
28.
RothJGordonPPastanI.“Big Insulin”: a new component of plasma insulin detected by immunoassay. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1968; 61: 138–45.
29.
RubensteinAHSteinerDFHorwitzDLMakoMEBlockMBStarrJIKuzuyaHMelaniF.Clinical significance of circulating proinsulin and C-peptide. Rec Prog Homn Res.1977; 33: 435–75.
30.
KitabchiAEDuckworthWCBrushJSHeinemannM.Direct measurement of proinsulin in human plasma by the use of a insulin degrading enzyme. J Clin Invest1971; 50: 1792–9.
31.
StarrJIJuhnDDRubensteinAHKitabchiAE.Degradation of insulin in serum by insulin-specific protease. J Lab Clin Med.1975; 86: 631–7.
32.
KuzuyaHBlixPHorwitzDLSteinerDFRubensteinAH.Determination of free and total insulin and C-peptide in insulin-treated diabetics. Diabetes1977; 26: 22–9.
33.
Garcia-WebbPBonserA.Decrease in measured C-peptide immunoreactivity on storage. Clin Chim Acta1979; 95: 139–41.
34.
Garcia-WebbPBonserAWearneKLGraceyM.Obesity and insulin secretion in fasting high school students. Diabetologia1980; 19: 194–7.
35.
BlockMBMakoMESteinerDFRubensteinAH.Circulating C-peptide immunoreactivity. Studies in normals and diabetic patients. Diabetes1972; 21: 1013–26.
36.
LudvigssonJHedingLG.β-cell function in children with diabetes. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 230–4.
37.
HendriksenCFaberOKDrejerJBinderC.Prevalence of residual β-cell function in insulin-treated diabetics evaluated by the plasma C-peptide response to intravenous glucagon. Diabetologia1977; 13: 615–9.
38.
GrajwerLAPildesRSHorwitzDLRubensteinAH.Control of juvenile diabetes mellitus and its relationship to endogenous insulin secretion as measured by C-peptide immunoreactivity. J Pediatr1977; 90: 42–8.
39.
SherwinRFeligP.Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am1978; 62: 695–711.
40.
HedingLG.Specific and direct radioimmunoassay for human proinsulin in serum. Diabetologia1977; 13: 467–74.
41.
BeischerWKernerWRaplisSKellerLBeischerBPfeifferEF.Insulin therapy in relation to circulating C-peptide levels. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 235–40.
42.
TurnerRCJohnsonPC.Suppression of insulin release by fish insulin induced hypoglycemia. Lancet1973; 1: 1483–5.
43.
ServiceFJHorwitzDLRubensteinAHKuzuyaHMakoMReynoldsCMolnarGD.C-peptide suppression test for insulinoma. J Lab Clin Med.1977: 90: 180–6.
44.
CouropmitreeCFreinkelNNagelTCHorwitzDLMetzgerBRubensteinAHHahnelR.Plasma C-peptide and diagnosis of factitious hyperinsulinism. Ann Intern Med.1975; 82: 201–4.
45.
BlockMBPildesRSMossabhoyNASteinerDFRubensteinAH.C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR): A new method for studying infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers. Pediatrics1974; 53: 923–8.
46.
HorwitzDLRubensteinAHMakoMEKruzABlixDM.C-peptide in conditions other than diabetes mellitus. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 267–71.
47.
JohnstonDGAlbertiKGMMFaberOKBinderCWrightR.Hyperinsulinism of hepatic cirrhosis: diminished degradation or hypersecretion. Lancet1977; 1: 10–2.
48.
JaspanJBMakoMEKuzuyaHBlixPMHorwitzDLRubensteinAH.Abnormalities in circulating (β-cell peptides in chronic renal failure: Comparison of C-peptide, proinsulin and insulin. J Clin Endo Metab1977; 45: 441–6.
49.
HorwitzDLRubensteinAHKatzAI.Quantitation of human pancreatic β-cell function by immunoassay of C-peptide in urine. Diabetes1977; 26: 30–5.
50.
KuzuyaTMatsudaASakamotoYTanabshiSKajinumaH.C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in urine. Diabetes1978; 27 (suppl 1): 210–5.
51.
KanekoTMunemuraMOkaHOdaTSuzukiSYasudaHYanaiharaNNakagawaSMakabeK.Demonstration of C-peptide immunoreactivity in various body fluids, and clinical evaluation of the determination of urinary C-peptide immunoreactivity. Endocrinol Japon1975; 22: 207–12.
52.
KuzuyaTMatsudaASaitoTYoshidaS.Human C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in blood and urine—evaluation of a radioimmunoassay method, and its clinical applications. Diabetologia1976; 12: 511–8.