Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Red Emitting Copper Nanoclusters Using Trypsin as a Ligand for Sensing of Pb 2+ And Hg 2+ Ions in Water and Tobacco Samples

Abstract

In this work, a microwave assisted method was developed for synthesis of red fluorescent copper nanoclusters (NCs) using trypsin as a template (trypsin–Cu). The as-synthesized trypsin–Cu NCs are stable and water soluble, exhibiting fluorescence emission at 657 nm when excited at 490 nm. The as-prepared red-emitting trypsin–Cu NCs were characterized by using several analytical techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. Red-emitting trypsin–Cu NCs acted as a nanosensor for sensing both Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions through fluorescence quenching. Using this approach, good linearities are observed in the range of 0.1–25 and of 0.001–1 μM with the lower limit of detection of 14.63 and 56.81 nM for Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions, respectively. Trypsin–Cu NCs-based fluorescence assay was successfully applied to detect both Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in water and tobacco samples.

Graphical Abstract