Influence of Sampling Component on Determination of Soluble Solids Content of Fuji Apple Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Fuji apples from two production areas were separated into six batches by different experimenters. After applying light (500–1010 nm) on the surface of intact ones for their visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectra, destructive samples of three apple components were taken to determine the soluble solids content (SSC). Correlation and regression coefficients between the second Savitzky–Golay derivative of the spectra and SSC were analyzed to reveal that SSC values derived from the different apple components showed significantly different responses in the visible region. However, similar responses, particularly in the NIR section (730–932 nm), remained, including two sugar bands at 890 and 906 nm. On the basis of applying above characteristic bands to remove the interference signals, partial least square (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) showed similar effective performances. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, sampling methods had significant effect on quantitative accuracy, and the model, using SSC values detected from the outer flesh cuboid (2.5 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm³), provided the best performance with lower root mean square error of prediction and higher correlation coefficient.