Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Verrucous Hyperplasia

Abstract

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and hyperplasia are irreversible clinicopathologic lesions of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract with considerable potential for evolving into verrucous or other forms of squamous cell carcinoma. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a disease of the oral cavity in which verrucous hyperplasia is a part of its developmental spectrum. Verrucous hyperplasia, at other head and neck mucosal sites, may be associated with papillomas or be a de novo lesion. Human papillomavirus, as a cefaclor, plays a role in some of the lesions. In the instance of verrucous hyperplasia, the authors consider it an early form of verrucous carcinoma and recommend it be treated accordingly.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hansen

Olson

Silverman

. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60: 285–98.

Hall

Cohen

Moreland

. Multiple and confluent lesions of oral leukoplakia. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Arch Dermatol 1991;127: 887–90.

Batsakis

Hybels

Crissman

Rice

. The pathology of head and neck tumors: verrucous carcinoma. Part 15. Head Neck Surg 1982;5: 29–38.

Luna

Tortoledo

. Verrucous carcinoma. In: Gnepp

. ed. Pathology of the head and neck. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1988: 497–515.

Shear

Pindborg

. Verrucous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa. Cancer 1980;46: 1855–62.

Greer

Eversole

Crosby

. Detection of human papillomavirus genomic DNA in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral smokeless tobacco-associated leukoplakias and epithelial malignancies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48: 1201–5.

Shroyer

Greer

. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA by insitu DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71: 708–13.

Young

Min

. In-situ DNA hybridization analysis of oral papillomas, leukoplakias and carcinomas for human papillomavirus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71: 276–9.

Noble-Topham

Fliss

Hartwick

. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity using the polymerase chain reaction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;119: 1299–304.

10.

Watts

Brewer

Fry

. Human papillomavirus DNA types in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71: 701–7.