Cochleas with experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops were immunostained for Na+,K+-ATPase, intracellular Ca++-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, calcium-binding proteins, vimentin, and the gap junction protein, connexin 26. No changes in immunostaining of hydropic ears were observed 1 week after blockage of the endolymphatic duct. Two weeks to 1 month after the operation, immunostaining of type I fibrocytes in the spiral ligament, which are positive for all but Na+,K+-ATPase, was slightly decreased on the operated side. These changes became more pronounced 3 months after the operation. However, staining for Na+,K+-ATPase of the stria vascularis and of type II fibrocytes of the spiral ligament was not reduced until 6 months postoperative. The reduction of enzymes and other cell constituents that may be involved in ion balance of cochlear fluids indicates that cells in the spiral ligament play an important role in cochlear homeostasis and that they merit further study in animal and human otopathology.
SchuknechtHF. Pathology of the ear. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974: 140–5.
2.
KimuraRSSchuknechtHF. Membranous hydrops in the inner ear of the guinea pig after obliteration of the endolymphatic sac. Pract Otolaryngol1965;27: 343–54.
3.
AranJ-MRareyKEHawkinsJEJ. Functional and morphological changes in experimental endolymphatic hydrops. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984;97: 547–57.
4.
HarrisonRVOrsulakova-Meyer zumGottesberge AErreJ-P. Electrophysiological measures of cochlear function in guinea pigs with long-term endolymphatic hydrops. Hear Res1984;14: 85–91.
5.
CohenJMorizonoT. Changes in EP and inner ear ionic concentrations in experimental endolymphatic hydrops. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984;98: 398–402.
6.
Meyer zumGottesberge AMNinoyuO. A new aspect in pathogenesis of experimental hydrops: role of calcium. Aviat Space Environ Med1987;58(Suppl 9):A240–A246.
7.
SaltANDeMottJE. Endolymph calcium increases with time in hydropic guinea-pigs. Abstracts of the Fifteenth Midwinter Meeting, St Petersburg Beach, Fla: Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 1992: 128.
8.
KimuraRS. Experimental blockage of the endolymphatic duct and sac and its effect on the inner ear of the guinea pig. A study on endolymphatic hydrops. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1967;76: 664–87.
9.
AdamsJC. Biotin amplification of biotin and horseradish peroxidase signals in his tochemical stains. J Histochem Cytochem1992;40: 1457–63.
10.
HieberVSiegelGJDesmondTLiuJL-HErnstSA. Na, K-ATPase: comparison of the cellular localization of α-subunit mRNA and polypeptide in mouse cerebellum, retina and kidney. J Neurosci Res1989;23: 9–20.
11.
LyttonJMacLennanDH. Molecular cloning of cDNAs from human kidney coding for two alternatively spliced products of the cardiac Ca2+-ATPase gene. J Biol Chem1988;263: 15024–31.
12.
LindahlREvcesS. Rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. I. Isolation and characterization of four high Km normal liver isozymes. J Biol Chem1984;259: 11986–90.
13.
RussoJEHiltonJ. Characterization of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase from cyclophosphamide resistant L1210 cells. Cancer Res1988;48: 2963–8.
14.
MarkMPPrinceCWGaySAustinRLButlerWT. 44-. k Dal bone phosphoprotein (osteopontin) antigenicity at ectopic sites in newborn rats: kidney and nervous tissues. Cell Tissue Res1988;251: 23–30.
15.
TakahashiTKimuraRS. The ultrastructure of the spiral ligament in the rhesus monkey. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1970; 69: 46–60.
16.
SpicerSSSchulteBA. Differentiation of inner ear fibrocytes according to their ion transport related activity. Hear Res1991;56: 53–64.
17.
RealeELucianoLFrankeKPanneseEWermbterGIuratoS. Intercellular junctions in the vascular stria and spiral ligament. J Ultrastruct Res1975;53: 284–97.
18.
SchulteBA. Immunohistochemical localization of intracellular Ca-ATPase in outer hair cells, neurons and fibrocytes in the adult and developing inner ear. Hear Res1993;65: 262–73.
19.
IchimiyaIAdamsJCKimuraRS. Immunolocalization of Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca++-ATPase, and calcium binding proteins in the guinea pig inner ear. Abstracts of the Sixteenth Midwinter Meeting, St Petersburg Beach, Fla: Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 1993: 134.
20.
SchulteBAAdamsJC. Distribution of immunoreactive Na+, K+-ATPase in gerbil cochlea. J Histochem Cytochem1989; 37: 127–34.
21.
KonishiTHamrickPEWalshPJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1978;86: 22–34.
22.
IkedaKMorizonoT. Electrochemical profile for calcium ions in the stria vascularis: cellular model of calcium transport mechanism. Hear Res1989;40: 111–6.
23.
LeeKSKimuraRS. Ischemia of the endolymphatic sac. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1992; 112: 658–66.
24.
SaltANInamuraNThalmannRVoraA. Calcium gradients in inner ear endolymph. Am J Otolaryngol1989;10: 371–5.
25.
BosherSKWarrenRL. Very low calcium content of cochlear endolymph, an extracellular fluid. Nature1978;273: 377–8.
26.
KerrTPRossMDErnstSA. Cellular localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the mammalian cochlear duct: significance for cochlear fluid balance. Am J Otolaryngol1982;3: 332–8.
27.
MarcusDCRokugoMThalmannR. Effects of barium and ion substitutions in artificial blood on endocochlear potential. Hear Res1985;17: 79–86.
28.
SaltANMelicharIThalmannR. Mechanisms of endocochlear potential generation by stria vascularis. Laryngoscope1987;97: 984–91.
29.
DeMottJSaltAN. Time course of endolymphatic hydrops development in guinea-pigs measured with an ionic volume marker in vivo. Abstracts of the Sixteenth Midwinter Meeting, St Petersburg Beach, Fla: Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 1993: 136.
30.
DcedaKKusakariJTakasakaTSaitoY. Early effects of acetazolamide on anionic activities of the guinea pig endolymph: evidence for activities function of carbonic anhydrase in the cochlea. Hear Res1987;31: 211–6.
