We investigated the time course of hearing impairment and cellular infiltration into the inner ear after systemic sensitization of guinea Pigs with a single intradermal injection of bovine inner ear antigen (IEAg) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Lymphocytes and polymorphonucleocytes appeared mainly in the scala tympani on days 7 to 14, and in addition there was thickening and cellular infiltration of the round window membrane at day 14. These cellular infiltrations resolved after day 28. The auditory brain stem response thresholds from IEAg-sensitized animals were significantly elevated after day 7. Some sensitized animals (n = 5) had spontaneous remissions after day 28; however, the hearing thresholds did not completely recover. These results demonstrate that experimental autoimmune labyrinthitis can be induced by a single inoculation of IEAg-CFA and that remission, as evidenced by clearing of the cochlear cellular infiltration and improved hearing thresholds, can occur spontaneously.
FreundJ., SternE.R., PisaniT.M.Isoallergic encephalomyelitis and radiculitis in guinea pigs after one injection of brain and mycobacteria in water in oil emulsion.J Immunol1947; 57: 179–94.
2.
KabatE.A., WolfA., BezerA.E.The rapid production of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys by injection of heterologous and homologous brain tissue with adjuvants.J Exp Med1947; 85: 117–29.
3.
MorganI.M.Allergic encephalomyelitis in monkeys in response to injection of normal monkey nervous tissue.J Exp Med1947; 85: 131–140.
4.
BrownA.M., McFarlinD.E.Relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the SJL/J mouse.Lab Invest1981; 45: 278–84.
PanitchH., CicconeC.Induction of recurrent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with myelin basic protein.Ann Neurol1981; 9: 433–8.
8.
LassmannH.Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: its value as an experimental model for multiple sclerosis.J Neurol1983; 229: 207–20.
9.
WisniewskiH.M., KeithA.B.Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis — an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.Ann Neurol1977; 1: 144–8.
10.
WilliamsR.M., LeesM.B., CambiF., MacklinW.B.Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced in rabbits with bovine white matter proteolipid apoprotein.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1982; 41: 508–21.
11.
CambiF., LeesM.B., WilliamsR.M., MacklinW.B.Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis produced by bovine proteolipid apoprotein: immunological studies in rabbits.Ann Neurol1983; 13: 303–8.
RavkinaL., RovogaV., LazarenkoL.Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys and its modification by treatment.J Neurol Sci1978; 38: 281–93.
14.
DriscollB.F., KiesM.W., AlvordE.C.Jr.Successful treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in guinea pigs with homologous myelin basic protein.J Immunol1974; 122: 392–7.
15.
AbramskyO., FeilelbaumD., AnionR.Effect of a synthetic polypeptide (COP 1) on patients with multiple sclerosis and with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.J Neurol Sci1977; 31: 433–8.
16.
GonsetteR.E., DelmotteP., DelmontyL.Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis. IV. Isoelectric focusing of the CSF gamma globulins in multiple sclerosis (262 cases) and other neurological diseases (272 cases).J Neurol1977; 216: 27–37.
17.
HarrisJ.P.Immunology of the inner ear: response of the inner ear to antigen challenge.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1983; 91: 18–23.
18.
MogiG., LimD.J., WatanabeN.Immunologic study on the inner ear. Immunoglobulins in perilymph.Arch Otolaryngol1982; 108: 270–5.
OrozcoC.R., NiparkoJ.K., RichardsonB.C., DolanD.F., PtokM.U., AltschulerR.A.Experimental model of immune-mediated hearing loss using cross-species immunization.Laryngoscope1990; 100: 941–7.
28.
YooT.J., YazawaY., FloydR.Type U collagen-induced autoimmune endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pig.Science1983; 222: 65–7.
29.
YooT.J., TomodaK., HernandezA.D.Type U collagen-induced autoimmune inner ear lesions in guinea pigs.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1984; 93(suppl 113): 3–5.
30.
SwierkoszJ.E., SwanborgR.H.Suppressor cell control of unresponsiveness to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.J Immunol1975; 115: 631–3.
31.
BeraudE., VarrialeS., FarnarierC., BernardD.Suppressor cells in Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: prevention of the disease and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by the suppressor cells or their products.Eur J Immunol1982; 12: 926–30.
32.
TomiyamaS., HarrisJ.P.The endolymphatic sac: its importance in inner ear immune responses.Laryngoscope1986; 96: 685–91.
33.
TomiyamaS., HarrisJ.P.The role of the endolymphatic sac in inner ear immunity.Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1987; 103: 182–8.
34.
HellströmS., JohanssonU., AnnikoM.Structure of the round window membrane.Acta Otolaryngol [Suppl] (Stockh)1988(suppl 457): 33–42.
35.
KeithleyE.M., RyanA.F., HarrisJ.P.Role of the round window membrane in middle ear immune responses.Acta Otolaryngol [Suppl] (Stockh)1988(suppl 457): 139–43.
36.
KawauchiH., DeMariaT.F., LimD.J.Endotoxin permeability through the round window.Acta Otolaryngol [Suppl] (Stockh)1988(suppl 457): 100–15.
37.
SchuknechtH.F.Earpathology in autoimmune disease. In: PfaltzC.R., ArnoldW., KleinsasserO., eds. Bearing of basic research on clinical otolaryngology.Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1991: 50–70.
38.
GussenR.Vascular mechanisms in Meniere's disease. Theoretical considerations.Arch Otolaryngol1982; 108: 544–9.
39.
HarrisJ.P., FukudaS., KeithleyE.M.Spiral modiolar vein: its importance in inner ear inflammation.Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1990; 110: 357–65.
40.
ArnoldW., PfaltzR., AltermattH-J. Evidence of serum antibodies against inner ear tissues in the blood of patients with certain sensorineural hearing disorders.Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1985; 99: 437–44.
41.
MoscickiR.A., RamadanH., CastroO.J., NadolJ.B., BlochK.J.Corticosteroid response and immunologic studies in idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss [Abstract].J Allergy Clin Immunol1988; 81: 217.
42.
HughesG.B., KinneyS.E., BarnaB.P., CalabreseL.H.Practical versus theoretical management of autoimmune inner ear disease.Laryngoscope1984; 94: 758–67.
