The relative roles of different receptor systems in compensating for vestibular loss were studied in 18 children (12 to 16 years of age) with congenital or early acquired bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) and impaired hearing, and compared to that in 33 normal children (9 to 16 years of age). Postural stability was studied with posturography evaluating the velocity of anterior-posterior body sway. With closed eyes the increase of sway velocity did not differ between the groups, either with or without simultaneous proprioceptive disturbances when the subjects were standing on a bare surface. Body sway velocities were found to increase more in subjects with a BVL than in normal children when subjects were standing on foam rubber. When proprioceptive cues were disturbed, body sway velocities increased in both groups, but significantly more in children with BVL when subjects stood on foam rubber. This occurred both with and without open eyes.
NashnerLM. Analysis of stance posture in humans. In: ToweALLuscheiES, eds. Handbook of behavioral neurobiology and motor coordination. Vol 5. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1981: 527–63.
2.
DeeckeLBeckerWJürgensRMergnerT. Interaction of vestibular and somatosensory afferents for perception and postural control. Agressologie1979; 20: 179–84.
3.
PaulusWMStraubeABrandtT. Visual stabilization of posture. Brain1984; 107: 1143–63.
4.
ArnvigJ. Vestibular function in deafness and severe hardness of hearing. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1955; 4: 283–8.
5.
HorakFBShumway-CookACroweTKBlackFO. Vestibular function and motor proficiency of children with impaired hearing or with learning disability and motor impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol1988; 30: 64–79.
6.
MyklebustHR. The psychology of deafness. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton, 1964.
7.
ButterfieldSA. Gross motor profiles of deaf children. Percept Mot Skills1986; 62: 68–72.
8.
BruntDBroadheadGD. Motor proficiency traits of deaf children. Res Q Exercise Sport1982; 53: 236–8.
9.
MagnussonMPyykköINorrvingB. The relationship of optokinetic nystagmus to pursuit eye movements, vestibular nystagmus and to saccades in humans. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1986; 30: 361–70.
PyykköIHanssonGÅSchalénLHenrikssonNGWennmoCMagnussonM. Vibration-induced body sway. In: ClaussenC-FKirtaneM, eds. Computer in der Neurootologie. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany: Werner Rudat & Co, 1983: 139–55.
12.
PyykköIAaltoHStarckJMeyerEMagnussonM. Postural control in bilateral vestibular disease. In: ClaussenC-FKirtaneMVSchlitterK, eds. Vertigo, nausea, tinnitus and hypoacusia in metabolic disorders. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988: 473–6.
13.
JohanssonRMagnussonMÅkessonM. Identification of human posture dynamics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng1988; 35: 858–69.
14.
PyykköIAaltoHHytönenMStarckJJänttiPRamsayH. Effect of age on postural control. In: AmblardBBerthozAClaracF, eds. Posture and gait. Development, adaptation and modulation. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1988: 95–104.
15.
AaltoHPyykköIStarckJ. Computerized posturography, a development of the measuring system. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1988; 449: 71–6.
16.
NorréMEForrezG. Posture testing (posturography) in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular pathology. Arch Otorhinolaryngol1986; 243: 186–9.
17.
BlesWde JongJMBV. Uni- and bilateral loss of vestibular function. In: BlesWBrandtTH, eds. Disorders of posture and gait. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986: 127–41.
18.
ShinkawaHNadolJBJr.. Histopathology of the inner ear in Usher's syndrome as observed by light and electron microscopy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1986; 95: 313–8.
19.
SchuknechtH. Pathology of the ear. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974.
20.
VedelJPRollJP. Response to pressure and vibration of slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human foot. Neurosci Lett1982; 34: 289–94.
21.
JohnsonRSLandströmULundströmR. Sensitivity to edges of mechanoreceptive afferent units inervating the glabrous skin of the human hand. Brain Res1982; 244: 27–32.
22.
JohnssonRSLandströmULundströmR. Responses of mechanoreceptive afferent units in the glabrous skin of the human hand to sinusoidal skin displacements. Brain Res1982; 244: 17–25.
23.
JohnssonRSVallboAB. Spatial properties of the population of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin of the human hand. Brain Res1980; 184: 353–66.
24.
BurgessPRPerlER. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors and nocioreceptors. In: AutrumHJungRLoewensteinWRMacKeyDMTeuberHL, eds. Handbook of sensory physiology. Vol 2. New York, NY: Springer Verlag, 1974: 30–79.
25.
MagnussonMEnbomHJohanssonRWiklundJ. Significance of pressor input from the human feet in lateral postural control. The effect of hypothermia on galvanically induced body-sway. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1990; 110: 321–7.
26.
BlackFOShupertCLHoracFBNashnerLM. Abnormal postural control associated with peripheral vestibular disorders. In: PompeianoOAllumJHJ, eds. Progress in brain research. Vol 76. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988: 263–75.
27.
HaasGDienerHC. Development of stance control in children. In: AmblardBBerthozAClaracF, eds. Posture and gait. Development, adaptation and modulation. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1988: 49–58.
28.
MagnussonMJohanssonR. Characteristic parameters of anterior-posterior body sway in normal subjects. In: AmblardBBerthozAClaracF, eds. Posture and gait. Development, adaptation and modulation. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1988: 177–86.
29.
RoosJWPBlesWBosJE. Postural control after repeated exposure to a tilting room. In: AmblardBBerthozAClaracF, eds. Posture and gait. Development, adaptation and modulation. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1988: 137–44.
