Hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy (HpD-PT) has been successfully used to localize and treat superficial squamous cell cancers. Bleomycin sulfate is a glycopeptide antibiotic that has antineoplastic properties against squamous cell cancers. Because both HpD-PT and bleomycin chemotherapy are accepted forms of treatment for squamous cell cancer and their cytotoxicity is mediated by singlet oxygen and oxygen radicals, we studied the possibility of enhancing the response of solid tumors to HpD-PT by combining this modality with systemic bleomycin chemotherapy in a murine tumor model. Bleomycin did not enhance HpD-PT significantly. Also, we are not confident that HpD-PT alone or in combination with other agents can eradicate solid tumors; it certainly did not in this syngeneic murine tumor model.
MoanJPettersenEOChristensenT. The mechanism of photodynamic inactivation of human cells in-vitro in the presence of hematoporphyrin. Br J Cancer1979; 39: 398–407.
2.
ThomasJPHallRDGirottiAW. Singlet oxygen intermediacy in the photodynamic action of membrane-bound hematoporphyrin derivative. Cancer Lett1987; 35: 295–302.
3.
WeishauptKRGomerCJDoughertyTJ. Identification of singlet oxygen as the cytotoxic agent in photo-inactivation of a murine tumor. Cancer Res1976; 36: 2326–9.
4.
Van SteveninckJTijssenKBoegheimJPJVan Der ZeeJDubbelmanTMAR. Photodynamic generation of hydroxyl radicals by hematoporphyrin derivative and light. Photochem Photobiol1986; 44: 711–6.
5.
HariharanPVCourtneyJEleczkoS. Production of hydroxyl radicals in cell systems exposed to hematoporphyrin and red light. Int J Radiat Biol1980; 37: 691–4.
6.
KellyJFSnellMEBerenbaumMC. Photodynamic destruction of human bladder carcinoma. Br J Cancer1975; 31: 237–44.
7.
DoughertyTJKaufmanJEGoldfarbAWeishauptKRBoyleDMittlemanA. Photoradiation therapy for the treatment of malignant tumors. Cancer Res1978; 38: 2628–35.
8.
DoughertyTJLawrenceGKaufmanJHBoyleDWeishauptKRGoldfarbA. Photoradiation in the treatment of recurrent breast carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst1979; 62: 231–7.
9.
CorteseDAKinseyJH. Endoscopic management of lung cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. Mayo Clin Proc1982; 57: 543–7.
10.
HayataYKatoHKonakaCOnoJTakizawaN. Hematoporphyrin derivative and laser photoradiation in the treatment of lung cancer. Chest1982; 81: 269–77.
11.
EdellESCorteseDA. Bronchoscopic phototherapy with hematoporphyrin derivative for treatment of localized bronchogenic carcinoma: A five-year experience. Mayo Clin Proc1987; 62: 8–14.
12.
HayataYKatoHKonakaC. Photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative in early and stage 1 lung cancer. Chest1984; 86: 169–77.
13.
DoironDRSvaasandLDProfioAE. Light dosimetry and tissue: Application to photoradiation therapy. In: KesselDDoughertyTJ, eds. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1983: 63–76.
14.
JonesGCKinseyJHNeelHBIIICorteseDA. The effect of cooling on the photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative during interstitial phototherapy of solid tumors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1984; 92: 532–6.
15.
KostronHSwartzMRMillerDCMartuzaRL. The interaction of hematoporphyrin derivative, light, and ionizing radiation in a rat glioma model. Cancer1986; 57: 964–70.
16.
CowledPAMackenzieLForbesIJ. Potentiation of photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivatives by glucocorticoids. Cancer Lett1985; 29: 107–14.
17.
MewDLumVWatC-KTowersGHN. Ability of specific monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera conjugated to hematoporphyrin to label and kill selected cell lines subsequent to light activation. Cancer Res1985; 45: 4380–6.
18.
EdellESCorteseDA. Combined effects of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy and Adriamycin in a murine tumor model. Lasers Surg Med1988; 8: 413–7.
19.
CowledPAMackenzieLForbesIJ. Pharmacological modulation of photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative and light. Cancer Res1987; 47: 971–4.
20.
BennettJMReichSD. Bleomycin. Ann Intern Med1979; 90: 945–8.
21.
EhrenfeldGMShipleyJBHeimbrookDC. Copper-dependent cleavage of DNA by bleomycin. Biochemistry1987; 26: 931–42.
22.
MahmutogluIKappusH. Redox cycling of bleomycin–Fe (III) by an NADH-dependent enzyme, and DNA damage in isolated rat liver nuclei. Biochem Pharmacol1987; 36: 3677–81.
23.
MahmutogluIScheulenMEKappusH. Oxygen radical formation and DNA damage due to enzymatic reduction of bleomycin-Fe (III). Arch Toxicol1987; 60: 150–3.
24.
KanofskyJR. Singlet oxygen production by bleomycin. A comparison with heme-containing compounds. J Biol Chem1986; 261: 13546–50.
25.
LipsonRLBaldesEJOlsenAM. The use of a derivative of hematoporphyrin in tumor detection. J Natl Cancer Inst1961; 26: 1–11.
26.
CarpenterRJNeelHBIIIRyanRJSandersonDR. Tumor fluorescence with hematoporphyrin derivative. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1977; 86: 661–6.
27.
KinseyJHCorteseDANeelHB. Thermal considerations in murine tumor killing using hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. Cancer Res1983; 43: 1562–7.
28.
SaundersRMAlexanderJJ. The use of liposomes to study drug-membrane interactions. S Afr Med J1986; 69: 103–6.
29.
SmithPJMirchevaJJBleehenNM. Modification of the balance between damage and repair of bleomycin-induced DNA-strand breakage by hyperthermia. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg1986; 12(4): 29–35.
30.
SuzukiTKohdaKKawazoeY. Temperature-dependence of cytotoxicity of several genotoxicants in Chinese hamster V79 cells: Bleomycin, paraquat, and some N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun1987; 146: 67–72.
