Electromagnetic Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Device of the Ossicular-Stimulating Type: Principles,Designs,and Experiments

Volta A . On the electricity excited by mere contact of conducting substances of different kinds. Trans R Soc Phil 1800; 90:403–31

Wilska A . Ein methode zur bestimmung der horschwellenamplituden des trommelfells bei verschiedenen frequenzen. Skand Arch Physiol 1935;72:161–5

Rutschmann J . Magnetic audition — Auditory stimulation by means of alternating magnetic fields acting on a permanent magnet fixed to the eardrum. Med Electron 1959;6:22–3

Goode RL . An implantable hearing aid — State of the art. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1970;74:128–39

Glorig A Moushegian G Bringewald PR Rupert AL Gerken GM . Magnetically coupled stimulation of the ossicular chain: Measures in kangaroo, rat and man. J Acoust Soc Am 1972;52:694–6

Vernon J Brummet R Denniston R Doyle P . Evaluation of an implantable type hearing aid by means of cochlear potentials. Volta Rev 1972;1:20–9

Fredrickson JM Tomlinson DR Davis ER Odkvist LM . Evaluation of an electric implantable hearing aid. Can J Otolaryngol 1978;2:53–62

Yanagihara N Gyo K Suzuki K Araki H . Perception of sound through direct oscillation of the stapes using a piezoelectric ceramic bimorph. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1983;92:223–7

Yanagihara N Suzuki J Gyo K Syond H Ideda H . Development of an implantable hearing aid of bimorph design. State of the art. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;92:706–12

Suzuki H Kodera K Yanagihara N . Evaluation of middleear implant: A six-month observation in cats. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1983;95:646–50

Suzuki J Kodera K Yanagihara N . Middle ear implants in humans. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1985;99:313–7

Tjellström A Lindstrom J Hallen U Albrektsson T Branemark PI . Osseo-integrated titanium implants in the temporal bone: A clinical study of bone-anchored hearing aids. Am J Otol 1981;2:304–10

Tjellström A Lindstrom J Hallen U Albrektsson T Branemark PI . Direct bone anchorage of external hearing aids. J Biomed Eng 1983;5:59–63

Tjellström A Albrektsson T Lodstrom CG Rosenhall U . Intra-osseous transducer for hearing by bone conduction. Perioperative measurements. J Biomed Eng 1985;7:149–52

Hough J Vernon J Johnson B Dormer K Himelick T . Experiences with implantable hearing devices and a presentation of a new device. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1986;95:60–5

Hough J Vernon J Meikle M Himelick T Richard G Dormer K . A middle ear implantable hearing device for controlled amplification of sound in the human. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:141–51

Ko WH Maniglia AJ Zhang R . A preliminary study on the implantable middle ear hearing aid. Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biological Society 1987;1:1890–1

Gyo K Goode RL Miller C . Stapes vibration produced by the output transducer of an implantable hearing aid. Experimental study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:1078–81

Bojrab D Clemis J McGee T . Semi-implantable hearing devices. Presented at the meeting of the Middle Section, Triological Society, Ann Arbor, Mich, Jan 24, 1988

Goode RL . Current status of the electromagnetic implantable hearing aid. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1989 (in press)

Heide J Tatge G Sander T Gooch T Prescott T . Development of a semi-implantable hearing aid. Adv Audiol 1988; 4:32–43

Suzuki J Yanagihara N Toriyama M Sakabe N . Principle, construction and indication of the middle ear implant. Adv Audiol 1988;4:15–21

Ohno T Kajiya T . Performance of middle ear implants. Adv Audiol 1988;4:85–96