Observations of patterns of laryngeal dysfunction in patients with known as well as unrecognized neurological disease have provided the basis for a new classification. Representative patients are used to describe typical patterns of laryngeal dysfunction which occur with afferent and efferent (upper motor neuron, extrapyramidal, cerebellar and nuclear pathways) neurological disorders. The value of cinephotography in documenting and avoiding the pitfalls of brief indirect laryngoscopy is emphasized as a factor in achieving a correct diagnosis in patients with laryngeal diseases of central origin.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WardPHBerciGCalcaterraTC. Advances in endoscopic examination of the respiratory system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1974; 83: 754–69.
2.
WardPBerciGCalcaterraTC. Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: An often overlooked entity. Trans Am Acad Opthalmol Otolaryngol1977; 84: 78–89.
3.
ArnoldGE. Vocal rehabilitation of paralytic dysphonia: III. Present concepts of laryngeal paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol1957; 65: 317–36.
4.
WardPHHansonDGBerciG. Photographic studies of the larynx in central laryngeal paresis and paralysis. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) (in press).
5.
KirchnerJA. Intrathoracic injury to the motor nerve supply to the larynx. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)1977; 83: 163–9.
McCaffreyTVKernEB. Laryngeal regulation of airway resistance. II. Pulmonary receptor reflexes. Trans Am Broncho-Esophagol Assoc1980; 92–6.
8.
FurstenbergACMagielskiJE. A motor pattern in the nucleus ambiguus: Its clinical significance. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1955; 64: 788–93.
9.
KirikaeIHiroseHKawamuraSSawashimaMKobayashiT. An experimental study of central motor innervation of the laryngeal muscles in the cat. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1967; 71: 222–39.
10.
PenfieldWRobertsL. Speech and brain-mechanism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.
11.
MontgomeryWW. Surgical laryngeal closure to eliminate chronic aspiration. N Engl J Med1975; 292: 1390–1.
12.
HolingerLDHolingerPCHolingerPH. The etiology of bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1976; 85: 428–36.
CavanaughF. Vocal palsies in children. J Laryngol Otol1955; 69: 399–419.
19.
GrahamMD. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis associated with meningomyelocele and the Arnold-Chiari malformation. Laryngoscope1963; 73: 85–92.
20.
SnowJBRogersKAJr. Bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords secondary to the Arnold-Chiari malformation and its management. Laryngoscope1965; 75: 316–21.
21.
BluestoneCDDelermeANSamuelsonGH. Airway obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis in infants with hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1972; 81: 778–83.
22.
HolingerPCHolingerLDReichertTJHolingerPH. Respiratory obstruction and apnea in infants with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Pediatr1978; 99: 368–73.
23.
SmithMEN. The association of laryngeal studor with meningomyelocele. J Laryngol Otol1959; 73: 188–96.
24.
FeeWFWardPH. Perm anent tracheostomy: A new surgical technique. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1977; 86: 635–8.
