Chapter 11 Uses of Electric Response Audiometry,and how to do it

Gardner E : Fundamentals of Neurology, ed 5. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1968.

Brazier MAB : The Electrical Activity of the Nervous System, ed 3. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Co, 1968.

Field J Magoun HW Hall VE (eds): Handbook of Physiology, Section 1: Neurophysiology. Washington, D.C., American Physiological Society, 1959.

Thompson RF Patterson MM (eds): Bioelectric Recording Techniques: Part B, Electroencephalography and Human Brain Potentials. New York, Academic Press, 1974.

Dallos P : The Auditory Periphery, Biophysics and Physiology. New York, Academic Press, 1973.

Brazier MAB : The historical development of neurophysiology, in Field J Magoun HW Hall VE (eds): Handbook of Physiology, Section 1: Neurophysiology. Washington, D.C., American Physiological Society, 1959, vol 1, chap 1.

Brazier MAB : A History of the Electrical Activity of the Brain. New York, The Macmillan Co, 1961.

Neff WD Keidel WD (eds): Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1974, vol V/2.

Caton R : The electric currents of the brain. Br Med J 2: 278, 1875.

du Bois-Reymond E : Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität. Berlin, Reimer, vol. I, 1848; vol. II, 1849.

Beck A : Die Bestimmung der Localisation der Gehirn- und Rückenmarkfunctionen vermittelst der electrischen Erscheinungen. Cbl Physiol 4: 473–476, 1890.

Gotch F Horsley V : Über den Gebrauch der Elektricität für die Lokalisierung der Erregungsercheinungen im Centralnervensystem. Zbl Physiol 4: 649–651, 1891.

Fleischl von Marxow E : Mittheilung betreffend die Physiologie der Hirnrinde. Zbl Physiol 4: 538, 1890.

Danilevsky VY : Investigations Into the Physiology of the Brain, thesis. University of Kharkov (in Russian), 1877.

Pravdich-Neminsky VV : Ein Versuch der Registrierung der elektrischen Gehirnerscheinungen. Zbl Physiol 27: 951–960, 1913.

Davis H Forbes A Brunswick D : Studies of the nerve impulse II. The question of decrement. Am J Physiol 76: 448–471, 1926.

Kato G : The Further Studies on Decrementless Conduction. Tokyo, Nankodo, 1926.

Forbes A Thacher C : Amplification of action currents with the electron tube in recording with the string galvanometer. Am J Physiol 52: 409–471, 1920.

Gasser HS Erlanger J : A study of the action currents of nerve with a cathode ray oscillograph. Am J Physiol 62: 496, 1922.

Adrian ED : The Basis of Sensation. New York, W W Norton, 1928.

Adrian ED : The Mechanism of Nervous Action. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1932.

Forbes A Miller RH O'Connor J : Electric responses to acoustic stimuli in the decerebrate animal. Am J Physiol 80: 363–380, 1927.

Wever EG Bray CW : The nature of acoustic response: The relation between sound frequency and frequency of impulses in the auditory nerve. J Exp Psychol 13: 373–387, 1930.

Boring EG : Auditory theory with special reference to intensity, volume and localization. Am J Psychol 37: 157–188, 1926.

Saul LJ Davis H : Action currents in the central nervous system: I. Action currents of the auditory tracts. Arch Neur Psychiat 28: 1104–1116, 1932.

Derbyshire AJ Davis H : The action potentials of the auditory nerve. Am J Physiol 113: 476–504, 1935.

Stevens SS Davis H Lurie MH : The localization of pitch perception on the basilar membrane. J Gen Psychol 13: 297–315, 1935.

Stevens SS Davis H : Hearing: Its Psychology and Physiology. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1938.

Woolsey CN Walzl EM : Topical projection of nerve fibers from local regions of the cochlea to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital 71: 315–344, 1942.

v.Békésy G : in Wever EG (ed): Experiments in Hearing. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960, pp 411–414.

Hodgkin AL Huxley AF : Action potentials recorded from inside a nerve fiber. Nature 144: 710–711, 1939.

Galambos R Davis H : The response of single auditory-nerve fibers to acoustic stimulation. J Neurophysiol 6: 39–57, 1943.

Tasaki I : Nerve impulses in individual auditory nerve fibers of guinea pig. J Neurophysiol 17: 97–122, 1954.

Kiang NY-S : Discharge Patterns of Single Fiber in the Cat's Auditory Nerve. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1965.

Rose JE Brugge JF Anderson DJ : Phase-locked response to low-frequency tones in single auditory nerve fibers of the squirrel monkey. J Neurophysiol 30: 769–793, 1967.

Berger H : Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen: I. Arch f Psychiat 87: 527–570, 1929.

Gloor P , (ed): Hans Berger, On the electroencephalogram of man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol [Suppl] 28, 1969.

Davis H : Crossroads on the pathways to discovery, in Worden FG Swazey JP Adelman G (eds): The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1975.

Davis H : The Electroencephalogram. Tabulae Biologicae 16/2: 116–131, 1938.

Davis PA : Effects of acoustic stimuli on the waking human brain. J Neurophysiol 2: 494–499, 1939.

Gastaut Y : Les pointes négatives évoquées sur le vertex. Leur signification psychophysiologique et pathologique. Rev Neurol 89: 382–399, 1953.

Bancaud J Bloch V Paillard J : Contribution EEG à l'étude des potentiels évoqués chez l'homme au niveau du vertex. Rev Neurol 89: 399–418, 1953.

Davis H Fernandez C McAuliffe DR : The excitatory process in the cochlea. Proc Natl Acad Sci 36: 580–587, 1950.

Goldstein R : Analysis of summating potential in cochlear responses of guinea pigs. Am J Physiol 178: 331–337, 1954.

Davis H : Mechanisms of the inner ear. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 77: 644–655, 1968.

Teas DC Eldredge DH Davis H : Cochlear responses to acoustic transients: An interpretation of whole-nerve action potentials. J Acoust Soc Am 34: 1438–1459, 1962.

Dawson GD : A summation technique for the detection of small evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 6: 65–84, 1954: also J Physiol 115 (Proceedings, 19 May, 1951).

Geisler CD Frishkopf LS Rosenblith WA : Extracranial responses to acoustic clicks in man. Science 128: 1210–1211, 1958.

Bickford RG Jacobson JL Cody DT : Nature of average evoked potentials to sound and other stimuli in man. Ann NY Acad Sci 112: 204–223, 1964.

Mast TE : Short-latency human evoked responses to clicks. J Appl Physiol 20: 725–730, 1965.

Davis H : The young deaf child: Identification and management. Acta Otolaryngol [Suppl] (Stockh) 206, 1965.

Walter WG Cooper R Aldridge VJ : Contingent negative variation: An electric sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain. Nature 203: 380–384, 1964.

Sutton S Braren M Zubin J : Evoked potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty. Science 150: 1187–1188, 1965.

Davis H : Enhancement of evoked cortical potentials in humans related to a task requiring a decision. Science 145: 182–183, 1964.

Yoshie N Ohashi T Suzuki T : Non***surgical recording of auditory nerve action potentials in man. Laryngoscope 77: 76–85, 1967.

Sohmer H Feinmesser M : Cochlear action potentials recorded from the external ear in man. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 76: 427–435, 1967.

Aran JM Le Bert G : Les résponses nerveuses cochleaires chez l'homme, image du fonctionnement de l'oreille et nouveau test d'audiométrie objective. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 89: 361–378, 1968.

Crowley DE Davis H Beagley HA : Survey of the clinical use of electrocochleography. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 84: 297–307, 1975.

Jewett DL Williston JS : Auditory-evoked far fields averaged from the scalp of humans. Brain 94: 681–696, 1971.

Hecox K Galambos R : Brain stem auditory evoked responses in human infants and adults. Arch Otolaryngol 99: 30–33, 1974.

Marsh JT Worden FG : Sound evoked frequency-following responses in the central auditory pathway. Laryngoscope 78: 1149–1163, 1968.

Davis H Zerlin S : Acoustic relations of the human vertex potential. J Acoust Soc Am 39: 109–116, 1966.

Keidel WD : The physiological background of the electric response audiometry, in Neff WD Keidel WD (eds): Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976.

Davis H : Electric response audiometry, with special reference to the vertex potentials, in Neff WD Keidel WD (eds): Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976.

Davis H Osterhammel PA Wier CC : Slow vertex potentials: Interactions among auditory, tactile, electric and visual stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 33: 537–545, 1972.

Vaughan HG Jr : The relationship of brain activity to scalp recordings of event-related potentials, in Donchin E Lindsley DB (eds): Average Evoked Potentials: Methods, Results and Evaluations. Washington, D.C., NASA, 1969.

Celesia GG Puletti F : Auditory input to the human cortex during states of drowsiness and surgical anesthesia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 31: 603–609, 1971.

Goff WR Williamson PD VanGilder JC : Neural origins of long latency evoked potentials recorded from the depth and cortical surface of the brain in man. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cerebral Evoked Potentials in Man. Brussels, 1974.

Simson R Vaughan HG Jr Ritter W : The scalp topography of potentials associated with missing visual or auditory stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 40: 33–42, 1976.

Rapin I Graziani LJ : Auditory-evoked responses in normal, brain-damaged, and deaf infants. Neurology 17: 881–894, 1967.

Barnet AB Ohlrich ES Weiss IP : Auditory evoked potentials during sleep in normal children from ten days to three years of age. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 39: 29–41, 1975.

Davis H : Relations of peripheral action potentials and cortical evoked potentials to the magnitude of sensation, in Moskowitz HR (eds): Sensation and Measurement. Dordrecht-Holland, D. Reidel, 1974.

Keidel WD Spreng M : Neurophysiological evidence for the Stevens power function in man. J Acoust Soc Am 38: 191–195, 1965.

Davis H Mast T Yoshie N : The slow response of the human cortex to auditory stimuli: Recovery process. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 21: 105–113, 1966.

Rothman HH Davis H Hay IS : Slow evoked cortical potentials and temporal features of stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 29: 225–232, 1970.

Butler RA : Effect of changes in stimulus frequency and intensity on habituation of the human vertex potential. J Acoust Soc Am 44: 945–950, 1968.

Butler RA : Frequency specificity of the auditory evoked response to simultaneously and successively presented stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 33: 277–282, 1972.

Osterhammel PA Davis H Wier CC : Adult auditory evoked vertex potentials in sleep. Audiology 12: 116–128, 1973.

Davis H : Brain stem and other responses in electric response audiometry. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 85: 3–14, 1976.

Mendel MI Hosick EC Windman TR : Audiometric comparison of the middle and late components of the adult auditory evoked potentials awake and asleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 38: 27–33, 1974.

McRandle CC Smith MA Goldstein R : Early averaged electroencephalic responses to clicks in neonates. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 83: 695–702, 1974.

Douek EE Gibson WPR Humphries KN : The crossed acoustic response. Reported at III Symposium of IERASG, Bordeaux, September, 1973.

Eggermont JJ Odenthal DW Schmidt PH : Electrocochleography: Basic principles and clinical application. Acta Otolaryngol [Suppl] 316, 1974.

Yoshie N : Auditory nerve action potential responses to clicks in man. Laryngoscope 78: 198–215, 1968.

Aran JM : L'électrocochléogramme: Méthodes et premiers résultats chez l'enfant. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 90: 615–634, 1969.

Sohmer H Feinmesser M : Cochlear and cortical audiometry conveniently recorded in the same subject. Isr J of Med Sci 6: 219–223, 1970.

Jewett DL Romano MN Williston JS : Human auditory evoked potentials: Possible brain stem components detected on the scalp. Science 167: 1517–1518, 1970.

Jewett DL Williston JS : Auditory-evoked far fields averaged from the scalp of humans. Brain 94: 681–696, 1971.

Buchwald JS Huang C-M : Far-field acoustic response: Origins in the cat. Science 189: 382–384, 1975.

Starr A Hamilton AE : Correlation between pathologically confirmed sites of neurological lesions and abnormalities of far-field auditory brain stem responses. To be published.

Marsh JT Brown WS Smith JC : Differential brain stem pathways for the conduction of auditory frequency-following responses. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 36: 415–424, 1974.

Köhler W Wegener J : Currents of the human auditory cortex. J Cell Comp Physiol [Suppl] 45: 25–54, 1955.

Burian K Gestring GF Gloning K : Objective examination of verbal discrimination and comprehension in aphasis using the contingent negative variation. Audiology 11: 310–316, 1972.

Hirsh SK : Vertex potentials associated with an auditory discrimination. Psychon Sci 22: 173–175, 1971.

Picton TW Hillyard SA : Human auditory evoked potentials. II: Effects of attention. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 36: 191–199, 1974.

Davis H : Some principles of sensory receptor action. Physiol Rev 41: 391–416, 1961.

Stevens SS Davis H : Hearing: Its Psychology and Physiology. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1938.

Vaughan HG Jr Ritter W : The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 28: 360–367, 1970.

Onishi S Davis H : Effects of duration and rise time of tone bursts on evoked V potentials. J Acoust Soc Am 44: 582–591, 1968.

Davis H : Initiation of nerve impulses in cochlea and other mechanoreceptors, in Bullock TH (ed): Physiological Triggers and Discontinuous Rate Processes. Washington, D.C., American Physiological Society, 1957.

Rechtschaffen A Kales A (eds): A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Bethesda, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1968.

Anders T Emde R Parmelee A (eds): A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Criteria for Scoring of States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Newborn Infants. Los Angeles, UCLA Brain Information Service/BRI Publications Office, 1971.

Davis H : Homeostasis of cerebral excitability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 2: 243–247, 1950.

Lane RH Mendel MI Kupperman GL : Phase distortion of the auditory AER imposed by analog filtering. Arch Otolaryngol 99: 428–432, 1974.

Stuhlman O Jr : An Introduction to Biophysics. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1943.

Davis H Silverman SR : Hearing and Deafness, ed 3. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

Davis H Associates : Acoustic trauma in the guinea pig. J Acoust Soc Am 25: 1180–1189, 1953.

Spoendlin H : Neuroanatomical basis of cochlear coding mechanisms. Audiology 14: 383–407, 1975.

Dallos P Cheatham MA : Production of cochlear potentials by inner and outer hair cells. To be published.

Davis H : Transmission and transduction in the cochlea. Laryngoscope 68: 359–382, 1958.

Dallos P : Personal communication, 1976.

Kiang NY-S Watanabe T Thomas EC : Stimulus coding in cat's auditory nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 71: 1009–1026, 1962.

Ryan A Dallos P : Effect of absence of cochlear outer hair cells on behavioural auditory threshold. Nature 253: 44–46, 1975.

Evans EF : The sharpening of cochlear frequency selectivity in the normal and abnormal cochlea. Audiology 14: 419–442, 1975.

Zwislocki JJ : Phase opposition between inner and outer hair cells and auditory sound analysis. Audiology 14: 443–455, 1975.

Gabor D : Acoustical quanta and the theory of hearing. Nature 159: 591–594, 1947.

Davis H : Information theory: 3. Applications of information theory to research in hearing. J Speech Hear Dis 17: 189–197, 1952.

Davis H Silverman SR McAuliffe DR : Some observations on pitch and frequency. J Acoust Soc Am 23: 40–42 1951.

Elberling C Salomon G : Cochlear microphonics recorded from the ear canal in man. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 75: 489–495, 1973.

Davis H : Peripheral coding of auditory information, in Rosenblith W (ed): Sensory Communication. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1961.

Pfeiffer RR Kim DO : Cochlear nerve fiber responses: Distribution along the cochlear partition. J Acoust Soc Am 58: 867–869, 1975.

Eldredge DH : Inner ear cochlear mechanics and cochlear potential, in Keidel WD Neff WD (eds): Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1974.

Elberling C : Action potentials along the cochlear partition recorded from the ear canal in man. Scand Audiol 3: 13–19, 1974.

Davis H Hirsh SK : The audiometric utility of brain stem responses to low-frequency sounds. Audiology 15: 181–195, 1976.

Eggermont JJ : Electrocochleography and recruitment. To be published.

Özdamar Ö Dallos P : Input-output functions of cochlear whole-nerve action potentials: Interpretation in terms of one population of neurons. J Acoust Soc Am 59: 143–147, 1976.

Kiang NY-S Moxon EC Levine RA : Auditory-nerve activity in cats with normal and abnormal cochleas, in Ciba Foundation Symposium on Sensorineural Hearing Loss, London, J. & A. Churchill, 1970.