Caloric-Eye Tracking Pattern Test: I. Visual Suppression and the Possibility of Simplified Differential Diagnosis between Peripheral and Central Vertigo

Abstract

During the examination of patients who complain of vertigo or who have equilibrium disorders, it is often difficult to determine the etiology of the disorders, that is, to determine whether it is dependent on a peripheral or central vestibular disorder. To attempt to guess the etiology in these cases, we devised a new method: the caloric eye-tracking pattern test. In normal subjects and in patients with peripheral disorders, as is well known, caloric nystagmus has little influence on the eye-tracking pattern. In contrast, in patients with central vestibular disorders, caloric nystagmus evoked abnormalities on the eye-tracking pattern, either superimposed or saccades, in spite of the fact that the eye-tracking pattern before the caloric stimulation is normal. These findings result from the visual suppression mechanism to the vestibular nystagmus. We can say that the visual suppression to the vestibular nystagmus is evoked more strongly by pursuing a moving visual stimulus than by gazing at a stationary target. These results are interesting, not only from the physiological view point, but also from the clinical view point. There is a possibility of the differential diagnosis between peripheral and central vertigo.