A helpful central sign on electronystagmography with eyes closed is hyper-excitability on a caloric test. Another sign is consistent nystagmus in the presence of normal calorics. With eyes open, calibration overshoot, gaze nystagmus, pendulum tracking, failure of fixation suppression, and optokinetic nystagmus are useful central signs. Abnormalities on tracking a pendulum were by far the most common central abnormality in the experience of the author.
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