Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson
J. O.
: A Descriptive Study of Elements of Esophageal Speech . Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University , 1950 .
2.
Beranek
L.
: Acoustic Measurement . John Wiley , New York , pp. 774 –777 , 1949 .
3.
Black
J. W.
: Some Effects Upon Voice of Hearing Tones of Varying Intensity and Frequency While Reading . Speech Monographs 17 :95 –98 , 1950 .
4.
Black
J. W.
: The Effect of Noise Induced Temporary Deafness Upon Vocal Intensity . Speech Monographs 18 :74 –77 , 1951 .
5.
Damste
P. H.
: Oesophageal Speech After Laryngectomy . Groningen , 1958 .
6.
Di Carlo
L. M.
Amster
W. W.
Herer
G. R.
: Speech After Laryngectomy . Syracuse University Press , Syracuse , 1955 .
7.
Draegert
G. L.
: Relationships Between Voice Variables and Speech Intelligibility in High Level Noise . Speech Monographs 18 :272 –278 , 1951 .
8.
Drummond
S.
: The Effects of Environmental Noise on Pseudo Voice After Laryngectomy . Jour. Laryngol. Otol. 79 :193 –202 , 1965 .
9.
Fairbanks
G.
: Voice and Articulation Drillbook . Harper and Bros. , New York , 1940 .
10.
Hanley
T. D.
Steere
M.D.
: Effect of Level of Distracting Noise Upon Speaking Rate, Duration and Intensity . Jour. Speech Hearing Dis. 14 :363 –368 , 1949 .
11.
Hoops
H. R.
: Listener Sophistication in Relation to Acoustic Measures of Esophageal Speech . Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University , 1967 .
12.
Hoops
H. R.
Curtis
J. F.
: The Relationship of Intelligibility to Overall Ratings of Speech Proficiency in the Laryngectomee . (In press).
13.
Hoops
H. R.
Noll
J. D.
: The Relationship of Selected Acoustic Variables to Listener Judgements of Esophageal Speech . Jour. Communic. Dis. 2 :1 –13 , 1969 .
14.
Isshiki
N.
: Regulatory Mechanism of Voice Intensity Variation . Jour. Speech Hearing Res. 7 :17 –29 , 1964 .
15.
Lindsay
J. R.
Morgan
R. H.
Wepman
J. M.
: The Cricopharyngeus Muscle in Esophageal Speech . Laryngoscope 54 :55 –64 , 1944 .
16.
Lubbers
D. E.
: Comfort Levels for Speech in the Presence of Noise . Ph.D. Dissertation, Wayne State University , 1968 .
17.
Negus
V. E.
: Affections of the Cricopharyngeal Fold . Laryngoscope 48 :847 –858 , 1938 .
18.
Shipp
T.
: Frequency and Duration Measures in Relation to “Acceptability” of Alaryngeal Speech . Jour. Speech Hearing Res. 10 :417 –427 , 1967 .
19.
Snidecor
J. C.
: Speech Rehabilitation of the Laryngectomized . Charles C. Thomas , Springfield, Ill. , 1962 .
20.
Snidecor
J. C.
Curry
E. T.
: Temporal and Pitch Aspects of Superior Esophageal Speech . Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 68 , 623 –629 , 1959 .
21.
Snidecor
J. C.
Isshiki
N.
: Air Volume and Air Flow Relationships of Six Male Esophageal Speakers . Jour. Speech Hearing Dis. 30 :205 –216 , 1965 .
22.
Stetson
R. H.
: Esophageal Speech for any Laryngectomized Patient . Arch. Otolaryngol. 26 :132 –142 , 1937 .
23.
Winer
B. J.
: Statistical Methods in Experimental Design . McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. , New York , 1962 .
