XIII The Upper Pharynx a Review

Ardran G. M. Kemp F. H. : A Radiographic Study of Movements of the Tongue in Swallowing. Dental Practitioner 5:252, 1955.

Barwell H. S. : Diseases of the Larynx. 3rd Ed., Humphry Milford, University Press, Oxford, 1928.

Shelton R. L. Jr. : Displacement of the Pharyngeal Portion of the Tongue, the Hyoid, and Larynx in Deglutition, Phonation, and Postural Change. Ph.D. Thesis, unpublished, University of Utah, 1959.

Wardill W. E. M. Whillis J. : Movements of the Soft Palate. Surg., Gyn. and Obst. 62:836, 1936.

Bosma J. F. : The Upper Pharynx in Phonation. In press, Logos, 1961.

Bosma J. F. : Maturation of Cry. In preparation.

Bauer R. Hauert D. : Die Rontgenuntersuchung des Schluckaktes und ibre Bedeutung fur den klinischen, insbesondere den neurologischen Befund. Fortschr. Gebiete Rontgenstr. 59:121, 1939.

Kahn R. H. : Studien uber den Schluckreflex. III. Zur Physiologie des Speiscrohre. Arch. f. Anat. und Physiol., Suppl., p. 362, 1906.

Pommerenke W. T. : A Study of the Sensory Areas Eliciting the Swallowing Reflex. Am. J. Physiol. 84:36, 1928.

Miller E. R. Sherrington C. S. : Some Observations on the Bucco-Pharyngeal Stage of Reflex Deglutition in the Cat. Quart. J. Exper. Physiol. 9:147, 1916.

Roberts R. I. : A Cineradiographic Investigation of Pharyngeal Deglutition. Brit. J. Radiol. 30:449, 1957.

Fletcher S. G. : A Cinefluorographic Study of the Posterior Wall of the Pharynx during Speech and Deglutition. Thesis for Master of Science Degree, University of Utah, 1957 (unpublished).

Hagerty R. Hoffmeister F. S. : Velo-Pharyngeal Closure; An Index of Speech. Plastic and Reconstr. Surg. 13:290, 1954.

Williams R. L. : Thesis, M.S. in Dentistry, Northwestern University, unpublished, 1951.

Kelly J. P. : Studies in Nasality. Speech 1:26, 1934.

Ardran G. M. Kemp F. H. : Physiology of the Larynx. Brit. J. Radiol. 27:201, 1954.

Frenckner P. : X-ray Cinematographic Demonstration of the Swallowing Procedure in Normal and Pathologic Cases. Acta Oto-Laryngol., Suppl. 78:83, 1948.

Ramsey G. H. S. Watson J. S. Tristan T. A. Weinberg S. Cornwell W. S. : Cinefluorography. Thomas, Springfield, 1960.

Morley D. E. : Speech Disorders Resulting from Bulbar Poliomyelitis. J. Speech and Hearing Disorders 20:156, 1955.

Bosma J. F. : Glossopharyngeal Respiration as a Part of Focal Seizures of the Pharyngeal Area in an Infant. Acta Paediatr. 49 (Suppl. 123):56, 1960.

Bosma J. F. Lind J. : Roentgenologic Observations of Motions of the Upper Airway Associated with Establishment of Respiration in the Newborn Infant. Acta Paed. 49(Suppl. 123):18, 1960.

Gegenbauer C. : Die Epiglottis, Vergleichend-Anatomische Studie. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1892.

Morgan J. : On the Organs of Deglutition in Capybara (Hydrochoerus Capybara). Cited in Symington.⁷⁷

Ruckert J. : Cited in Symington.⁷⁷

Freystadtl B. : Kehlkopf und Rachen in ihren Beziehungen zu den Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems. Berlin: S. Karger, 1928.

Seiferth L. B. : Rontgenologische Unteruschungen uber den Abschluss des Mundrachens vom Nasenrachen und das Verhalten der Zung wahrend des Backen-aufblasens bei Normalen and Kranken mit Gaumenspalten. Klin. Wchnschr. 14:897, 1935.

Eley R. S. Farber S. : Hypoplasia of the Mandible. Am. J. Dis. Child. 39:1167, 1930.

Pruzansky S. Richmond J. B. : Growth of Mandible in Infants with Micrognathia. Am. J. Dis. Ch. 88:29, 1954.

May H. Chun L. T. : Congenital Ankyloglossia (Tonguetie). Associated with Glossoptosis (Retruded Mandible) and Palatum Fissum (Cleft Palate). Pediat. 2:685, 1948.

Nisenson A. : Receding Chin and Glossoptosis. A Cause of Respiratory Difficulty in the Infant. J. Pediat. 32:397, 1948.

Bosma J. F. Goates W. A. Nielson M. A. : Mechanisms of Disability of Speech Resulting from Poliomyelitis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 66:67, 1957.

Thompson J. R. Brodie A. G. : Factors in the Position of the Mandible. J. Am. Dental Assoc. 29:925, 1942.

Merritt W. H. Nielsen M. Bosma J. F. Goates W. A. Haskins R. H. Ramsel C. Lamb R. H. : Studies of the Pharynx. III. Occlusion of the Mesopharynx Resulting from Bulbar and Cervical Spinal Poliomyelitis. Pediat. 19:1080, 1957.

Ardran G. M. Kemp F. H. : Swallowing Defects after Poliomyelitis. Brit. J. Radiol. 30:169, 1957.

Bosma J. F. : Residual Disability of Pharyngeal Area Resulting from Poliomyelitis. J.A.M.A. 165:216, 1957.

Groth Karl-Erik : The Roentgen Picture of the Epipharynx of Children under Normal Conditions and by Adenoid Vegetations. Acta Radiol. 14:463, 1933.

Kelemen G. : Comparative Anatomical Studies of the Junction of Larynx and Resonant Tube. Acta Otolaryngol. 26:276, 1938.

Kelemen G. : Physiology of Phonation in Primates. Logos 1:32, 1958.

Nemai J. Kelemen G. : Z. Anat. 88:697, 1929, in Kelemen.²⁰⁶

Brodie A. G. : Anatomy and Physiology of Head and Neck Musculature. Am. J. Orthodont. 36:831, 1950.

Goates W. A. Bosma J. F. : Disability of Speech Resulting from Malpositioned Cervical Spine Following Poliomyelitis. J. Speech and Hearing Dis. 23:283, 1958.

Steindler A. S. : Kinesiology of the Human Body. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Co., 1955.

Holbrook R. : University of California Publication of Philology 20:187, 1937.

Parmenter C. E. Trevino S. N. Bevans C. A. : The Influence of a Change in Pitch on the Articulation of a Vowel. Language 9:901, 1924.

Wyllie J. : Observations on the Physiology of the Larynx. Edinburgh Medical Journal 12:214, 1866.

Scheier M. : Die Bedeutung des röntgenverfahrens fur die physiologie der Sprache und Stimme. Arch. Laryng. Rhin. (Berl.) 22:175, 1909.

Astley R. : J. Laryng., Otol. (London) 72:325, 1958.

Vernet M. : La paralysie du Glossopharyngien. Le signe caracteristique de la Paralysie due constricteur superieure du Pharynx. Paris Med. 52:551, 1916.

Suerson W. : A New System of Artificial Palates. Am. J. Dental Sci. 1:373, 1867.

Gutzmann H. : Untersuchungen über das Wesen der Nasalität. Arch. f. Laryn. Rinol. 27:65, 1913.

Barton R. T. : The Clinical Significance of the Ridge of Passavant. Surg. Gynec. and Obstet. 101:317, 1955.

Cooper H. K. : Cinefluorography with Image Intensification as an Aid in Treatment. Planning for Some Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Cases. Am. J. Orth. 42:815, 1956.

Muller E. : Zur Physiologie der Gaumensegelbewegung beim Schlucken und Sprechen. Archiv. f. Ohren-Nasen und Kehlkopfheilkunde 167:472, 1955.

Hynes W. : The Results of Pharyngoplasty of Muscle Transplantation in Failed Cleft Palate Cases, with Special Reference to the Influence of the Pharynx on Voice Production. Ann. R. Coll. Surgeons 13:17, 1953.

Borel-Maisonny S. : Les mouvements du voile du palais pendant la phonation. Revue franc. de Phoniat. 5:77, 1937.

Buck M. : Postoperative Velo-Pharyngeal Movements in Cleft Palate Cases. J. Speech and Hearing Disorders 19:288, 1954.

Veau V. : Division Palatine. Paris: Masson et Cie, Editeurs, 1931.

Veau V. Borel-Maisonny S. : Radioscopie et Staphylorrphie. Memoires de l'Academie de Chirurgie 69:36, 1943.

Wilms E. : La Radioscopie des Mouvements du Voile du Palais. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica 7:294, 1953.

Calnan J. : Modern Views on Passavant's Ridge. Brit. J. Plastic Surg. 10: 80, 1957.

Hagerty R. F. Hill M. J. Pettit H. S. Kane J. J. : Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Movement in Normals. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1:203, 1958.

Hagerty R. F. Hill M. J. Pettit H. S. Kane J. J. : Soft Palate Movement in Normals. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1:325, 1958.

Joachim O. : Contribution to the Physiology of the Soft Palate. Arch. Otol. 18:226, 1889.

Lucae A. : Zum Mechanismus des Gaumensegels und der Tuba Eustachii bei Normalhörenden. Arch. f. Path. Anat. 74:238, 1878.

Wardill W. E. M. : Cleft Palate. Brit. J. Surg. 16:127, 1928.

Hanley C. N. Manning C. C. : Voice Quality after Adenotonsillectomy. J. Speech and Hearing Disorders 23:257, 1958.

Langenbeck B. : Weitere Erfahrungen im Gebiete der Uranoplastik mittelst Ablosung des mucos-periostalen Gaumenuberzuges. Archiv. f. Klinische Chir. 5:1, 1864.

Davenport A. F. : Essay on Cleft Palates. Johnston's Dental Miscellany 4:288, 1877.

MacCullum D. W. Richardson S. O. : Management of the Patient with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate. Pediat. 20:573, 1957.

West R. Kennedy L. Carr A. : The Rehabilitation of Speech. Harper, New York, 1947.

Van Riper C. Irwin J. V. : Voice and Articulation. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1958.

Harkins C. S. Koepp-Baker H. : Twenty-Five Years of Cleft Palate Prosthesis. J. Speech and Hearing Dis. 13:23, 1948.

Masland M. W. : Testing and Correcting Cleft Palate Speech. J. Speech Disorders 11:309, 1946.

Greene M. C. L. : Speech of Children Before and After Removal of Tonsils and Adenoids. J. Speech and Hearing Dis. 25:43, 1960.

Fraenkel B. : Deutsche med. Woch, No. 41, 1884 (cited in Joachim¹⁷²).

Podvinec S. : Some New Aspects in the Mechanism of the Soft Palate. Rev. Laryngol. Otol. Rhinol. Suppl. 377, 1951.

Hartmann: Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., No. 15, 1880 (cited in Joachim¹⁷²).

Mendelsohn M. Gutzmann H. : Untersuchungen über das Schlucken in verschiedenen Körperlagen und seine Bedeutung für die Krankenpflege. Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift, Suppl., 44:729, 1899.

Nusbaum E. A. Foley L. Wells C. : Experimental Studies of Firmness of Velopharyngeal Occlusion during the Production of the English Vowels. Speech Monogr. 2:71, 1935.

Kelly A. B. : Congenital Insufficiency of the Palate. J. Laryng. Rhin. Otol. 25:342, 1910.

Fletcher S. G. : Hypernasal Voice as an Indication of Regional Growth and Developmental Disturbances. Logos 3, 1960.

Critchley M. Kubik C. S. : The Mechanisms of Speech and Deglutition in Progressive Bulbar Palsy. Brain 48:492, 1925.

Champneys F. H. : Note on an Infant. Mind 6:104, 1881.

Gesell A. : Infancy and Human Growth, 1929.

Lewis M. M. : Infant Speech. Harcourt, 1936.

Calnan J. : The Investigation of Nasality (Nasal Escape) in Speech. 21:59, 1957.

Greene J. S. : Vocal Sequelae to Oral and Nasal Conditions. Tr. Am. Laryng. Rhinol. and Otol. Soc. 51:1, 1948.

Kantner C. E. : Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cleft Palate Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Dis. 3:211, 1948.

Poe D. L. : Rhinolalia Aperta. Laryngoscope 38:778, 1928.

Poe D. L. : Further Studies of Rhinolalia Aperta. Arch. Pediat. 50:147, 1933.

Wardill W. E. M. : Cleft Palate. Brit. J. Surg. 16:127, 1928.

Panas M. : (Participant in discussion), Societe de Chirurgie, seance du 26 Juillet 1865.

Weiss D. : Ejne noch nichte besuriebene Sprachstörung. Hyperrhinolalia Activa. Tijdschrift voor Logopaedie en Phoniatrie 9:87, 1937.

Williamson A. B. : Diagnosis and Treatment of 84 Cases of Nasality. Quart. J. Speech 30:471, 1944.

Hixon E. H. : An X-ray Study Comparing Oral and Pharyngeal Structures of Individuals with Nasal Voices and Individuals with Superior Voices. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, University of Iowa, 1949.

Kelemen G. : Vergleichende — anatomische Rontgenbeobachtungen am Zungenbeinapparate. Archiv. fur Ohren., Nasen- u. Kehlkopfheilkunde 122:11, 1929.