LXXIII The Problem of Synkinesis and Contracture in Cases of Hemifacial Spasm and Bell's Palsy

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Ehni George Woltman H. W. : Hemifacial Spasm: Review of One Hundred and Six Cases, Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 53: 205–211 (Mar.) 1945.

Ballance C. : Operative Treatment of Facial Palsy, With Observations on Prepared Nerve-Graft and on Facial Spasm, J. Laryng. & Otol. 49: 709–718 (Nov.) 1934.

Sullivan J. A. : A Modification of the Ballance-Duel Technique in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis, Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 41: 282–299, 1936.

Tickle T. G. : Discussion, Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 41: 297–298, 1936.

Fowler E. P. Jr. : Discussion, Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth 41: 298–299, 1936.

Duel A. B. : Study of Muscle Spasm Occurring During Recovery From Facial Palsy, Tr. Am. Otol. Soc. 23: 224–241, 1933.

Fowler E. P. Jr. : Abnormal Movements Following Injury to the Facial Nerve, J. A. M. A. 113: 1003–1008 (Sept. 9) 1939.

Howe H. A. Tower S. S. Duel A. B. : Facial Tic in Relation to Injury of Facial Nerve; Experimental Study, Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 38: 1190–1198 (Dec.) 1937.

y Cajal Ramón Santiago : Degeneration and Regeration of the Nervous System. (Translated and edited by May R. M. .) Ed. 1, London, Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford, 1928, 2 vols., 769 pp.

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Granit Ragnar Leksell Lars Skoglund C. R. : Fibre Interaction in Injured or Compressed Region of Nerve, Brain 67: 125–140 (June) 1944.

Kugelberg Eric : “Injury Activity” and “Trigger Zones” in Human Nerves, Brain 69: 310–324 (Dec.) 1946.

Spiller W. G. : Contracture Occurring in Partial Recovery From Paralysis of the Facial Nerve and Other Nerves, Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 1: 564–566 (May) 1919.

Audibert Victor Mattei Charles Paganelli A. : La paralysie faciale périphérique dite “a frigore” est fonction d'une atteinte artérielle des vasa-nervorum, Presse méd. 44: 1049–1050 (June 27) 1936.

Müller Otfried : Die feinsten Blutgefässe des Menschen in gesunden und kranken Tagen, Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1937 & 1939, 2 vols., 754 pp.; 928 pp.

Kettel Karsten : Bell's Palsy: Pathology and Surgery. A Report Concerning Fifty Patients Who Were Operated on After the Method of Ballance and Duel, Arch. Otolaryng. 46: 427–472 (Oct.) 1947.

Hering Ewald : Beiträge zur allgemeinen Nerven- und Muskelphysiologie. Neunte Mittheilung. Ueber Nervenreizung durch den Nervenstrom. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Math.-naturw. Cl., Wien, 3. Abth. 85: 237–275, 1882.

Doupe J. Cullen C. H. Chance G. Q. : Post-Traumatic Pain and the Causalgic Syndrome, J. Neurol., Neurosurg. & Psychiat. 7: 33–48 (Jan.-Apr.) 1944.

Richardson A. T. : The Analysis of Muscle Action Potentials in the Differential Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Diseases, Arch. Phys. Med. 32: 199–206 (Apr.) 1951.

Morris W. M. : Surgical Treatment of Bell's Palsy, Lancet 1: 429–431 (Feb. 19) 1938.

Cawthorne T. : Peripheral Facial Paralysis; Some Aspects of Its Pathology, Laryngoscope 56: 653–664 (Nov.) 1946.

Bergström E. : Question of Etiology and Treatment of What Is Known As Rheumatic Facial Paralysis, Acta oto-laryng. 34: 541–545, 1946.

Campbell E. H. Keedy C. : Hemifacial Spasm; a Note on the Etiology in 2 Cases, J. Neurosurg. 4: 342–347 (July) 1947.

Bickford R. G. Lambert E. H. : Personal communication to the authors.