IV. The Fundamentals of Therapy. CXVII

Eagleton W. P. : Localized Bulbar Cisterna (Pontile) Meningitis, Facial Pain and Nerve Paralysis and Their Relation to Caries of the Petrous Apex. Arch. Surg., 20: 406 (March), 1930. Case 2.

Tröltsch, in 1868, first called attention to the importance of ocular symptoms in suppuration of the temporal bone. Anatomische Beiträge zur Lehre von der Ohren-Eiterung. Arch. f. Ohrenheilk., 4: 121, 1869.

Ostman, in 1897, spoke of pain behind the eye. Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Auge and Ohr (Relations Between the Eye and Ear). Arch. f. Ophth., 43: 12, 1897.

Gradenigo early described his syndrome, which has caused much confusion. Ueber Circumscripte Leptomeningitis mit Spinalen Symptomen und über Paralyse des N. Abducens Ototischen Ursprungs. Arch. f. Ohrenheilk., 51: 60–62, 255, 1904.

Gradenigo G. : Sur un syndrome particulier de complication endo-cranienne otitique paralysie du moteur oculaire externe d'origine otitique, 7th Internat. Otol. Congress, at Bordeaux, France, 1904, Ann. d. mal. de l'oreille, du larynx, No. 8; Abstr. Etude anatomique et clinique sur les relations de l'oreille moyenne avec la pointe du Rocher, la Ganglion de Gasser et la vi paire cranienne.

Ref. 1, Case 1.

Baldenweck, in 1909, collected all the reported cases of apex suppuration, including three under his own observation.

Lombard Baldenweck L. : Etude anatomique et clinique sur les relations de l'oreille moyenne avec lo pointe du Rocher. Thèse de Paris, G. Steinheil, 1907–8. Internat. Centralbl. f. Ohrenheilk., 7:——-, 1909; Ann. mal. de l'oreille, du larynx, 34:567, 1909; 35–30, 1909.

In 1911, Girard published his Atlas, in which he demonstrated that there may be as many as eight distinct tracts of cells passing from the tympanic region, all converging toward the apex.

Girard L. : Perilabyrinthine Cells. Societé de Laryng., d'Otol. et de Rhinol. de Paris, Dec. 9, 1911; also Internat. Centralbl. f. Ohrenheilk., 10:156, 1912.

Eagleton W. P. : Sixth Nerve Involvement in the Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic and Nasal Origin. I. Congres Internat. D'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Copenhagen, 1928, pp. 822–834.

Ref. 1, pp. 386–420.

Eagleton W. P. : Cerebrospinal Fluid as an Aid to Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J. Laryngol. and Otol., 44: 657 (Oct.); 21 (Nov.), 1929.

Pietrantoni (L. M.), in 1927, published “The Route of Propagation of Inflammatory Processes from the Middle Ear to the Apex of the Petrous Bone, to the Cavernous Sinus, the Sixth Pair and the Gasserian Ganglion. The Venous Route. Arch. ital di otol., 38:296, 1927.

Eagleton W. P. : Unlocking of the Petrous Pyramid for Localized Bulbar (Pontile) Meningitis Secondary to Suppuration of the Petrous Apex. Arch. Otolaryng., 13: 407 (March), 1931, Case 2.

Eagleton W. P. : Unlocking of the Petrous Pyramid for Localized Bulbar (Pontile) Meningitis Secondary to Suppuration of the Petrous Apex. Report of Four Cases with Recovery in Three. Am. Laryngol., Rhinol. and Otolog. Soc., 1930, pp. 338–373.

Ref. 13, pp. 386–422.

Bircher H. : Centralbl. f. Chir., 1893, No. 22. Abstracted by Ballance and Hobbrouse, Trans. Ninth Internat. Otolog. Congress, Boston, 1912, p. 314.

Brockaert Jules : Supra-Auricular Operation in Cases of Otitic Sixth Nerve Paralysis Associated with Neuralgia of the Trigeminal Nerve. Bull. Soc. franc. d'otol., 1914, 323.

Richards J. D. : The Petrous Pyramid. Am. J. Surg., 2: 11–22 (Jan.), 1927.

Bowers Wesley C. : Two Cases of Petrous Bone Abscess Drainage; Recovery. Laryngoscope, 38: 412–415 (June), 1928.

Kopetzky S. J. Almour R. : The Suppuration of the Petrous Pyramid: Pathology, Symptomatology and, Surgical Treatment. Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology, 39: 996 (Dec.), 1930; 40:157 (March), 1931.

Ramadier J. : L'Ostéite Profonde du Rocher. Paris, Imprimerie Chanternay, 1931.

Frenckner : Therapy of Apicitis With or Without Gradenigo's Syndrome. Acta Oto-Laryngol., Vol. 17, fasc. 1, 1932. Apicitis—Operated on Without Injury to the Labyrinth. Zentralbl. f. Hals-, Nasen- u. Ohrenheilk., 28:124 (Feb.), 1934.

Ruttin : Zur Klinik und Operation der Pyramidenspitzeneiterung und des periapikalen Extraduralabscesses. Acta Otolaryngol., Vol. 19, fasc. 1, 1933.

Trans. Am. Otol. Soc., 22: 114, 1932.

Eagleton W. P. : Meningitis from Sphenoid. Trans. 38th Annual Meeting Am. Rhinol. and Otol. Soc., 1932, p. 53.

Eagleton W. P. : Practical Aids to the Diagnosis and in the Surgical Management of Meningitis from the Ear and Nose. J. M. Soc. New Jersey, 29: 931 (Dec.), 1932.

Eagleton W. P. : Meningitis From the Petrous Apex and the Sphenoidal Basis. Surg. Gynec. and Obst., 60: 586 (Feb.), 1935.

Read before the American Otological Society, Atlantic City, N. J., April 7, 1934 (Trans. Am. Otol. Soc., 24:286, 1934); the Medical Society of New Jersey, Section on Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, Atlantic City, June 6, 1934 (J. M. Soc. New Jersey, 32:125, March, 1934), and the Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons, Section on Otolaryngology, Boston, Oct. 19, 1934 (Surg. Gynec. and Obst., 60:586, Feb., 1935).

Baldenweck L. : Etude anatomique et clinique sur les relations de l'oreille moyenne avec la pointe du Rocher. Thèse de Paris, 1907–8. Int. Centralbl. f. Ohrenheilk., 7: 1, 1909. Ann. de mal. de l'oreille du larynx, 34:567, 35:30, 1909.

Pietrantoni L. M. : Routes of Propagation of Inflammatory Middle Ear Processes to the Apex of the Petrous Bones: The Venous Route. Arch. ital. di otol., 38: 269, 1927.

Friesner I. Druss J. G. : Intracranial Complications of Otitic Origin. Trans. Amer. Otol. Soc., 1931, pp. 120–143; also Arch. Otolaryng., 15:356–367 (March), 1932.

Ref. 25, Case 2 (W. H.).

Eagleton W. P. : Vestibular Tests in Intracranial Surgery. Trans. Am. Laryngol., Rhinol. and Otol. Soc., 1922, Case VI (J. G.).

Eagleton W. P. : Cavernous Sinus Thrombophlebitis. New York, The Macmillan Co., p. 148, Case 24.

Ref. 9, Case O. R., p. 824.

Ref. 13, Case 3 (G. D.).

Ref. 33, Case 20, p. 98.

Adamkiewicz A. : Die Arterien des verlangerten Markes von Uebergang bis zur Brucke. Vienna, 1890.

Browning William : Circulation of Brain. Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Wood, New York, 2: 362, 1922.

Spielmeyer W. : Histopathologie des Nervensystems. Berlin, 1922.