A Novel Cost-Effective 3D-Printed Model for Flexible Nasolaryngoscopy Training Provides Trajectory Information and Distinguishes Early Learners From Experts

Abstract

Objectives:

Flexible fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy is among the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists worldwide. Despite this, there is no standard training method. High-fidelity approaches typically require trainees to learn on live patients and provide general qualitative information about the scope’s path. However, trainees lack objective quantitative procedural feedback to optimize their technique, and patients may be subjected to pain and epistaxis. A trainer that provides a safe, reusable interface and quantitative report would transform this learning experience.

Methods:

Our team developed a cost-effective 3D-printed task trainer for flexible fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy and coupled this with a calibrated electromagnetic tracker to evaluate scope trajectory across users. Thirty-one subjects ranging from secondary school student to practicing otolaryngologist used the trainer. Participant confidence and perceived model realism were assessed with surveys. Scope trajectory was assessed using the electronic tracker.

Results:

Mean score on the realism of endoscopic appearance was 7.5 on a 10-point visual analog scale. All subjects reported stable or increased confidence in flexible nasolaryngoscopy after using the model, with novices demonstrating the most significant change (P = .005). Trajectory data from the fine-wire tracker demonstrated that less experienced trainees paused and backtracked more than more experienced trainees (P = .004).

Conclusions:

This novel 3D-printed model offers a feasible task trainer for flexible nasolaryngoscopy and yields trajectory information that distinguishes between novices and experts. This model can provide an accessible training method that does not compromise patient experience, while simultaneously offering objective feedback to trainees as they grow their skills.