LXVI. Methods of Giving Anesthesia in Operations upon the Upper Respiratory Tract

Johnson Marcus M. “Electrical Anesthesia.” Medical Record, April 23, 1910.

Dawburn Robt. H. M. Annals of Surgery, February, 1907.

Cunningham John H. Jr. “Rectal Anesthesia.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, September 12, 1907.

Sutton Walter S. Annals of Surgery, April, 1910.

Hohmeier and Koenig . “Collective Inquiry on Spinal Anesthesia During 1909.” Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift, November 10. Also, “Alleged Harmless Methods of Anesthesia,” by Dumont, in same journal, February 4, 1911. These authors note frequent occurrences of late nervous disturbances, such as neuralgias, dizziness, paralysis, 1 case of gangrene of feet, 5 cases abducent paralysis, 4 of asphyxia (not fatal), and seven-tenths per cent of postoperative pneumonias. (They consider it suitable only for selected cases.)

Bainbridge W. S. , New York City, reports 1046 cases with no deaths and only 2 out of this number that caused him uneasiness.

Meltzer S. J. Medical Record, March 19, 1910. “A Method of Respiration by Intratracheal Insufflation, Its Scientific Principle and Its Practical Availability in Medicine and Surgery.”

Burkhardt H. Ueber intravenöse Narkose. Münchener medizin. Wochensch. of April 11, 1911.

Schmitz-Peiffer H. Beitraege zür klinische Chirurgie, Tübingen, September, 1909.

Schlimpert H. “Experiences with Intravenous Ether General Anesthesia.” Zentralblatt für Gynecologie, Leipzig, June 18, 1910.

Jeremitsch A. P. “Intravenous Hedoral Anesthesia.” Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie, February 11, 1911.

Bruning A. “Modified Vein Anesthesia.” Zentralblatt für Chirurgie, Leipsig, February 11, 1911.

Small physiologic doses of morphin and atropin alone, (Morphin, grains 1/8 to 1/4, Atropin, grs. 1–200 to 1–50), Or combined with chlorotone, (Fifteen grains of chlorotone and one-quarter of a grain of morphin, should be the maximum dose.)

Or this latter alone, when morphin is contraindicated; the usual dose of chlorotone is 10 to 20 grains. Five grains every fifteen minutes until the patient shows effects of the drug, the last dose to be taken thirty minutes before the operation.

If morphin is to be combined, it should be given with the last dose of chlorotone. Chlorotone is both a local anesthetic and a general hypnotic. Dr. Swepson Brooks of St. Vincent's Retreat has been, using it for the past five years in 15-grain doses, and repeating in 30 minutes if necessary. He considers it safer than hyoscin.

Gwathmey . Medical Record, November 19, 1904.

Gwathmey . New York State Journal of Medicine, December, 1904.

Teter Chas. K. Journal A. M. A., August 7, 1909.

Gatch Willis D. Journal A. M. A., March 5, 1910.

Davis Griffith S. Proceedings Twentieth Convention B. & O. R. R. Surgeons, 1909.

Gwathmey J. T. “Vapor Metnod of Anesthesia.” Medical Record, October 14, 1905.

Gwathmey J. T. “Vapor Anesthesia Apparatus.” Journal A. M. A., December 17, 1910.

Alexander and Gwathmey . “Technic in Adenoid and Tonsil Operations.” New York Medical Journal, March 11, 1911.