1. Definitions,Terminology,and Classification of Otitis Media

Senturia BH Bluestone CD Klein JO . Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Definition and Classification of Otitis Media with Effusion. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1980;89:3–4.

Kaleida PH Casselbrant ML Rockette HE . Amoxicillin or myringotomy or both for acute otitis media: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics 1991;87:466–74.

Post JC Preston RA Aul JJ . Molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1995;273:1598–604.

Rayner MG Zhang Y Gorry MC . Evidence of bacterial metabolic activity in culture-negative otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1998;279:296–9.

Riding KH Bluestone CD Michaels RH . Microbiology of recurrent and chronic otitis media with effusion. J Pediatr 1978;93:739–43.

Stool SE Berg AO Berman S . Managing otitis media with effusion in young children. Quick reference guide for clinicians. AHCPR Publication No. 94–0623. Rockville, Md: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1994.

Fria TJ Cantekin EI Eichler JA . Hearing acuity of children with otitis media with effusion. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:10–6.

Finkelstein Y Zohar Y Talmi YP . Effects of acute negative middle ear pressure on hearing. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1992;112:88–95.

Paradise JL . Long-term effects of short-term hearing loss: Menace or myth?. Pediatrics 1983;71:647–8.

Teele DW Klein JO Rosner B . Otitis media with effusion during the first three years of life and development of speech and language. Pediatrics 1984;74:282–7.

Boswell JB Nienhuys TG . Patterns of persistent otitis media in the first year of life in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian infants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1996;105:893–900.

Browning GG Gatehouse D . The prevalence of middle ear disease in the adult British population. Clin Otolaryngol 1992;17:317–21.

Shapiro NM Schaitken BM May M . Facial paralysis in children. In: Bluestone CD Stool SE Kenna MA , eds. Pediatric otolaryngology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders, 1996:325–6.

House JW Brackmann DE . Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1985;93:146–7.

Schuknecht HF . Pathology of the ear. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea & Febiger, 1993:191–234.

Sadé J . Treatment of cholesteatoma and retraction pockets. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1993;250:193–9.

Ferlito A . A review of the definition, terminology and pathology of aural cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol 1993;107:483–8.

Sadé J Halevy A Klajman A . Cholesterol granuloma. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1980;89:233–9.

Schuknecht HF . Pathology of the ear. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Kokko E . Chronic secretory otitis media in children: A clinical study. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1974(suppl 327).

Lildholdt T . Ventilation in secretory otitis media. A randomized, controlled study of the course, the complications, and the sequelae of ventilation tubes. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1983(suppl 398).