Immunohistochemical Localization of Subtypes of Muscarinic Receptors in Human Inferior Turbinate Mucosa

Abstract

The regulation of glandular secretions and vasomotor tone in human nasal mucosa implicates muscarinic receptors. There are 5 recognized classes (m1 through m5) of muscarinic receptor subtypes, and the aim of our study was to localize muscarinic receptor subtypes (m1 through m5) in human inferior turbinate mucosa by an immunohistochemical method. We found m1 and m2 receptors distributed on glands, arteries, veins, and epithelia; m4 receptors were found around arteries; and m5 receptors were identified on glands and arteries. We found m3 receptors to be the most extensively distributed on glands, arteries, and veins of all of the muscarinic receptor subtypes. The m3 receptor is probably important in the physiology of the human inferior turbinate. This study may help identify the best target for more selective muscarinic drugs and guide the treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

Keywords

cholinergic innervation human nasal mucosa inferior turbinate mucosa muscarinic receptor receptor subtype

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Druce

Wright

Kossoff

Kaliner

. Cholinergic nasal hyperreactivity in atopic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985; 76: 445–52.

Ishii

. The cholinergic innervation of the human nasal mucosa. A histochemical study. Pract Otorhinolaryngol (Basel) 1970; 32: 153–8.

Mullol

Raphael

Lundgren

. Comparison of human nasal mucosal secretion in vivo and in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 89: 584–92.

Eccles

Mygind

. Physiology of the upper airways in allergic disease. Clin Rev Allergy 1985; 3: 501–16.

Nomura

Matsuura

. Distribution and clinical significance of the autonomic nervous system in the human nasal mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1972; 73: 493–501.

Eccles

Wilson

. The parasympathetic secretory nerves of the nose of the cat. J Physiol 1973; 230: 213–23.

Anggard

. The effects of parasympathetic nerve stimulation on the microcirculation and secretion in the nasal mucosa of the cat. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1974; 78: 98–105.

Malm

. Vasodilatation in the nasal mucosa of the cat and the effects of parasympatholytic and β-adrenergic blocking agents. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1973; 76: 277–82.

Eccles

Wilson

. The autonomic innervation of the nasal blood vessels of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 1974; 238: 549–60.

10.

Borum

Gronberg

Brofeldt

Mygind

. Nasal reactivity in rhinitis. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 1983(suppl 128): 65–71.

11.

Brofeldt

Mygind

Sorensen

Readman

Marriott

. Biochemical analysis of nasal secretions induced by methacholine, histamine, and allergen provocations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 1138–42.

12.

Borum

Larsen

Mygind

. Nasal methacholine provocation and ipratropium therapy of perennial rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1979(suppl 360): 35–9.

13.

Lammers

Minette

McCusker

Barnes

. The role of pirenzepine-sensitive (M1) muscarinic receptors in vagally mediated bronchoconstriction in humans. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 446–9.

14.

Hulme

Birdsall

NJM

Buckley

. Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 30: 633–73.

15.

Okayama

Mullol

Baraniuk

. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human nasal mucosa: Characterization, autoradiographic localization, and function in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993; 8: 176–87.

16.

Mullol

Baraniuk

Logun

. M1 and M3 muscarinic antagonists inhibit human nasal glandular secretion in vitro. J Appl Physiol 1992; 73: 2069–73.

17.

Baraniuk

Kaliner

Barnes

. Muscarinic m3 receptor mRNA in situ hybridization in human nasal mucosa. Am J Rhinol 1992; 6: 145–8.

18.

Hybbinette

Mercke

. Effects of the parasympathomimetic drug methacholine and its antagonist atropine on mucociliary activity. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1982; 93: 465–73.

19.

Yang

McCaffrey

. The roles of muscarinic receptor subtypes in modulation of nasal ciliary action. Rhinology 1996; 34: 136–9.