Murray J.: Nature and treatment of cholera—new method proposedThe London Medical and Surgical Journal1:749-752, 1832.
2.
Clanny WR: Apparatus for removing the pressure of the atmosphere from the body or limbsLancet1:804-805, 1835.
3.
Junod VT: Recherches physiologuique et therapeutique sur les effets de la compression et de la rarefaction de l'air, tant sur le corp que sure les membres isolesRev Med Franc et Etrang3:350-368, 1834.
Sinkowitz SJ , Gottlieb I.: Thromboangiitis obliterans—the conservative treatment by Bier's hyperemia suction apparatusJAMA68:961-963, 1917.
6.
Braeucker W. : Die Behandlung der Raynaudshen KrankheitDer Chirug3:756, 1931.
7.
Bluck E.: Improved means or appliances for promoting or modifying the circulation of the blood in a living bodyLondon: Darling and Sons, 1888.
8.
Reid MR, Herrmann LG: Passive vascular exercises— treatment of vascular diseases by rhythmic alternation of environmental pressureArch Surg 29:697-704, 1934.
9.
Reid MR, Herrmann LG: Treatment of obliterative vascular diseases by means of an intermittent negative pressure environmentJ Med14:200-204, 1933.
10.
Herrmann LG , Reid MR: The conservative treatment of arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular diseasesAnn Surg100:750-760, 1934.
11.
de Takats G. : Obliterative vascular disease: Preliminary report on treatment by alternating negative and positive pressureJAMA103:1920-1924, 1934.
12.
Shipley AM, Yeager GG: Passive vascular exercise in the treatment of peripheral circulatory diseaseSurg Gynecol Obstet59:480-485, 1934.
13.
Silverglade A.: Peripheral vascular diseases: Diagnosis and treatment by passive vascular exercisesArch Phys TherXXI:100-110, 1940.
14.
Landis EM, Gibbon JH: The effects of alternating suction and pressure on blood flow to the lower extremitiesJ Clin Invest12:925-961, 1933.
15.
Landis EM: The treatment of peripheral vascular disease by means of alternate negative and positive pressurePenn Med J38:579-583, 1935.
16.
Landis EM, Hitzrot LH: The clinical value of alternate suction and pressure in the treatment of advanced peripheral vascular diseaseAm J Med Sci189:305-325, 1935.
17.
Guyton AC: Physics of blood, blood flow and pressure ; hemodynamics In: Textbook of Medical Physiology, ed. 6, ed. by Guyton AC. Philadelphia: WB Saunders , 1981.
18.
Allwood MJ: The effect of increased local pressure gradient on blood flow in the footClin Sci16:231-239, 1957.
19.
Loane AR: Effect of rhythmically inflating a pneumatic cuff at the ankle on blood flow in the footJ Appl Physiol14:411-413, 1959.
20.
Henry JP, Winsor T.: Compensation of arterial insufficiency by augmenting the circulation with intermittent compression of the limbsAm Heart J70:79-88, 1965.
21.
Gaskell P., Parrott Jcw: The effect of a mechanical venous pump on the circulation of the feet in the presence of arterial obstructionSurg Gynecol Obstet146:583-592, 1978.
22.
Morgan RH, Carolan G., Psaila JV, et al: Arterial flow enhancement by impulse compressionVasc Surg25:8-15, 1991.
23.
Van Bemmelen PS, Mattos MA, Faught WE, et al: Augmentation of blood flow in limbs with occlusive arterial disease by intermittent calf compressionJ Vasc Surg19:1052-1058, 1994.
Dillon RS: Effect of therapy with the pneumatic end-diastolic leg compression boot on peripheral vascular tests and on the clinical course of peripheral vascular diseaseAngiology31:614-638, 1980.
26.
Abu-Own A., Cheatle T., Scurr JM, et al: Effect of intermittent compression of the foot on the microcirculatory function in arterial diseaseEur J Vasc Surg7:488-492, 1993.
Palmer Rmj, Ferrige AG, Moncada S.: Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factorNature327:524-526, 1987.
29.
Grobowski EF , Weksler BB, Jaffe M., et al: Effects of shear stress on prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) production by cultured endothelial cellsCirculation66(suppl 2):53, 1982.
30.
Frangos JH, Ives CL, Eskin SG, et al: Effects of pulsatile flow on PGI2 production by endothelial cellsCirculation, 66(suppl 3):73, 1983.
31.
Weksler BB: Prostaglandin and vascular functionCirculation70 (suppl 3):63-71, 1984.
32.
Guyton DP, Khayat A., Husni EA, et al: Elevated levels of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha from lower extremity during external pneumatic compressionSurg Gynecol Obstet166:338-342, 1988.
33.
Knight Min, Dawson R.: Effect of intermittent compression of the arms on deep venous thrombosis in the legsLancet2:1265-1267, 1976 .
34.
Tarnay TJ, Rohr PR, Davidson AG, et al: Pneumatic calf compression, fibrinolysis and the prevention of deep venous thrombosisAm Surg54:156-160, 1988.
35.
Inada K., Koike S., Shirai N., et al: Effect of intermittent leg compression for prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis with special reference to fibrinolytic activityAm J Surg155:602-605, 1988.
36.
Summaria L. , Caprini JA, McMillan R., et al: Relationship between postsurgical fibrinolytic parameters and deep-vein thrombosis in surgical patients treated with compression devicesAm Surg54:156-160, 1988.
37.
Nicolaides AN, Fernandes E., Fernandes J., et al: Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs in the prevention of venous stasis and postoperative deep venous thrombosisSurgery87:69-76, 1980.
38.
Nicolaides AN, Miles C., Hoare M., et al: Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the leg and thromboembolism-deterrent stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosisSurgery94:21-25, 1983.
39.
Turpie AG, Gallus AS, Beattie WS, et al: Prevention of venous thrombosis in patients with intracranial disease by intermittent pneumatic compression of the calfNeurology27:435-438, 1977.
40.
Skillman JJ , Collins RE, Coe NP, et al: Prevention of deep venous thrombosis in neurosurgical patients: A controlled, randomized trial of external pneumatic compression bootsSurgery83:354-358, 1978.
41.
Coe NP, Collins RE, Klein LA, et al: Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in urological patients: A controlled, randomized trial of low-dose heparin in external pneumatic compression bootsSurgery83:230-234, 1978.
42.
Fordyce Mjf , Ling Rsm: A venous foot pump reduces thrombosis after total hip replacementJ Bone Joint Surg [Br] 748:45-49, 1992.
43.
Hull RD, Raskob GE, Gent M., et al: Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for preventing deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacementJAMA263:2313-2317, 1990.
44.
Kamm R., Butcher R., Froelich J., et al: Optimization of parameters of external pneumatic compression for prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis: Radionuclide gated imaging studiesCardiovasc Res20:588-596, 1986.
45.
Salzman EW, McManama GP, Shapiro AH, et al: Effect of optimization of hemodynamics on fibrinolytic activity and antithrombotic efficacy of external pneumatic calf compressionAnn Surg206:636-641, 1987.
46.
Salvian AJ, Baker JD: Effects of intermittent pneumatic calf compression in normal and postphlebitic legsJ Cardiovasc Surg29:37-41, 1988.
47.
Fordyce Mjf , Ling Rsm: A venous foot pump reduces thrombosis after total hip replacementJ Bone Joint Surg74-B:45-49, 1992.
48.
Santori FS, Vitullo A., Stopponi A., et al: Prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in total hip replacement : A comparison of heparin and foot impulse pumpJ Bone Joint Surg76-B:579-583, 1994.
49.
Gardner Amn , Fox RH: The venous pump of the human foot: Preliminary reportBristol Med Chir J98:109-114, 1983.
50.
Pekanmaki K. , Kolari PJ, Kiistala U.: Intermittent pneumatic compression treatment for post-thrombotic leg ulcersClin Exp Dermatol12:350-353, 1987.
51.
McCulloch JM : Intermittent compression for the treatment of chronic stasis ulcerationPhys Ther61:1452-1453, 1981.
52.
McCulloch J. , Marler KC, Neal MB, et al: Intermittent pneumatic compression improves venous ulcer healingAdvances in Wound Care7:22-26, 1994.
53.
Coleridge Smith P., Sarin S., Hasty J., et al: Sequential gradient pneumatic compression enhances venous ulcer healing: A randomized trialSurgery108:871-875, 1990.
54.
Dillon RS: Treatment of resistant venous stasis ulcers and dermatitis with the end-diastolic pneumatic compression bootAngiology37:47-56, 1986.
55.
Dillon RS: An end-diastolic air compression boot for circulation augmentationJ Clin Eng5:63-66, 1980.
56.
Dillon RS: Successful treatment of the ischemic leg in nine patients with the Circulator BootDiabetes26:371, 1977.
57.
Dillon, RS: Successful treatment of osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infections in ischemic diabetic legs by local antibiotic injections and the end-diastolic pneumatic compression bootAnn Surg204:643-649, 1986.
58.
Morris PE, Hessel SJ, Couch NP, et al: Surgery and the progression of the occlusive process in patients with peripheral vascular diseaseRadiology124:343-348, 1977.
59.
Clauss RH, Birtwell WC, Albertal G., et al: Assisted circulation: I. The arterial counterpulsatorJ Thorac Cardiovas Surg41:447, 1961.
60.
Clauss RH, Missier P., Reed GE, et al: Assisted circulation by counterpulsation with intraaortic balloon: Methods and effects In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Chicago, 1962.
Birtwell WC, Clauss RH, Dennis C.: The evolution of counterpulsation techniquesMed Instrumentation10:217-223, 1976.
63.
Soroff HS, Hui J., Giron F.: Current status of external counterpulsationCrit Care Clin2:277-295, 1986.
64.
Parmley WW, Chatterjee K., Charuzi Y., et al: Hemodynamic effects of noninvasive systolic unloading (nitroprusside) and diastolic augmentation (external counterpulsation) in patients with acute myocardial infarctionAm J Cardiol33:819-825, 1974.
65.
Amsterdam EA , Banas J., Criley JM, et al: Clinical assessment of external pressure circulatory assistance in acute myocardial infarctionAm J Cardiol45:349-356, 1980.
66.
Singh J., Mueller H., Ayres S.: Invasive versus noninvasive cardiac assistance in myocardial infarction shock in manCirculation50:III-108, 1974 .
67.
Beckman CB, Romero CH, Shatney DM, et al: Clinical comparison of the intraaortic balloon pump and external counterpulsation for cardiogenic shockTrans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs19:414, 1973.
68.
Soroff HS, Cloutier CT, Birtwell WC, et al: External counterpulsation: Management of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarctionJAMA229:1441-1450, 1974 .
69.
Banas JS, Brilla A., Levine HJ: Evaluation of external counterpulsation for the treatment of angina pectorisAm J Cardiol31:118, 1973.
70.
Clapp JC, Banas JS, Stickley LP: Evaluation of sham and true external counterpulsation in patients with angina pectorisCirculation50:III-108, 1974 .
71.
Solignac A. , Ferguson RJ, Bourassa MG: External counterpulsation: Coronary hemodynamics and use in treatment of patients with stable angina pectorisCathet Cardiovasc Diagn3:37-45, 1977.
72.
Lueptow RM, Karlen JM, Kamm RD, et al: Circulatory model studies of external cardiac assist by counterpulsationCardiovasc Res15:443-455, 1981.
73.
Zheng ZS, Li TM, Kambic H., et al: Sequential external counterpulsation (SECP) in ChinaTrans Am Soc Artif Intern OrgansXXIX:599-603, 1983.
74.
Xu YY, Hu D., Zheng ZS: External counterpulsationChinese Med J103:768-771, 1990.
75.
Lawson WE, Hui Jck, Soroff HS, et al: Efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation in the treatment of angina pectorisAm J Cardiol70:859-862, 1992.
76.
Lawson WE, Hui Jck, Zheng ZS, et al: Three-year sustained benefit from enhanced external counterpulsation in chronic angina pectorisAm J Cardiol75:840-841, 1995.
77.
Lawson WE, Hui Jck, Zheng ZS, et al: Can angiographic findings predict which coronary patients will benefit from enhanced external counterpulsation?Am J Cardiol77:1107-1109, 1996.
