Coronary Artery Spasm

Osler, W. : Lumleian lectures on angina pectoris. Lancet, 1: 697, 1910. Quoted by White, P.D. , N. Engl. J. Med., 288: 1355, 1973 .

Chandler, A.B. , Chapman, I. , Erhardt L.R. , et al.: Coronary thrombosis in myocardial infarction: Report of a workshop on the role of coronary thrombosis in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction. Am J. Cardiol. , 34: 823, 1974.

Prinzmetal, M. , Kennamer, R. , Kerliss , R. , et al.: Angina pectoris: A variant form of angina pectoris. Am. J. Med., 27: 375, 1959.

Maseri, A. , Mimmo, R. , Chierchia, S. , et al.: Coronary spasm as a cause of acute myocardial ischemia in man . Chest, 68: 625, 1975.

Maseri, A. , Severi, S. , DeNes, M. , et al.: "Variant" angina: One aspect of a continuous spectrum of vasospastic myocardial ischemia. Pathogenetic mechanisms, estimated incidence, and clinical and coronary arteriographic findings in 138 patients. Am. J. Cardiol., 42: 1019, 1978.

Hillis, L.D. , Braunwald, E. : Coronary artery spasm. N. Engl. J. Med., 299: 695, 1978.

Fam, W.M. , McGregor, M. : Pressure flow relationships in the coronary circulation. Circ. Res., 25: 293, 1969.

Pitt, B. , Elliot, E.C. , Gregg, D.E. : Adrenergic receptor activity in the coronary arteries of the unanesthetized dog. Circ. Res., 21: 75, 1967.

Schwartz, P.J. , Stone, H.L. : Tonic influence of the sympathetic nervous system on myocardial reactive hyperemia and on coronary blood flow distribution in dogs. Circ. Res., 41: 51, 1977.

Murray, P.A. , Vatner, S.F. : Alpha receptor attentuation of coronary vascular response to severe spontaneous exercise. Fed. Proc. 37: 235, 1978.

Levene, D.L. , Freeman, M.R. : α-adrenoceptor-mediated coronary artery spasm. JAMA, 236: 1018, 1976 .

Kaye, M.P. : Localization and surgical section of coronary vasoconstrictor nerves . Circulation, 52: 125, 1975 (Suppl. 2).

Yasue, H. , Touyama, M. , Kato, H. , et al.: Prinzmetal's variant form of angina as a manifestation of alpha-adrenergic receptor-medicated coronary artery spasm. Documentation by coronary arteriography . Am. Heart J., 91: 148, 1976.

Yasue, H. , Omote, S. , Takizawa, A. , et al.: Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina: Role of exercise induced coronary arterial spasm. Circulation, 59: 938, 1979.

Bohr, D.F. : Vascular smooth muscle updated. Circ. Res., 32: 665, 1973.

Van Breeman, C. , Farinas, B.R. , Gerba , P. , et al.: Excitation-contraction coupling in rabbit aorta studied by the lanthanum method for measuring cellular calcium influx. Circ. Res., 30: 44, 1972.

Fleckenstein, A. , Nakayama, K. , Fleckenstein-Grün , G. , et al.: Interactions of hydrogen ions, calcium antagonistic drugs and cardiac glycosides with excitation-contraction coupling of vascular smooth muscle, in Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle. Edited by B. E. Berlin. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976, p. 117.

Yasue, H. , Nagao, M. , Omote, S. , et al.: Coronary arterial spasm and Prinzmetal's variant form of angina induced by hyperventilation and Tris-buffer infusion. Circulation, 58: 56, 1978.

Moncada, S. , Vane, J.R. : Arachidonic acid metabolites and the interactions between platelets and blood vessel walls. N. Engl. J. Med., 300: 1142, 1979.

Johnson, A.D. : Management of variant angina and coronary spasm . Hosp. Practice, 57, 1978.

Wiener, L. , Kasparian, H. , Duca, P.R. , et al.: Spectrum of coronary arterial spasm: Clinical, angiographic, and myocardial metabolic experience in 29 cases. Am. J. Cardiol., 38: 945, 1976.

Chahine, R.A. , Raizner, A.E. , Ishimari , T. , et al.: The incidence and clinical implications of coronary artery spasm. Circulation, 52: 972, 1975.

Maseri, A. , Parodi, O. , Severi, S. , et al.: Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow, demonstrated by Thallium 201 scintigraphy, as a cause of variant angina. Circulation, 54: 280, 1976.

Ricci, D.R. , Orlick, A.E. , Doherty , P.W. , et al.: Reduction of coronary blood flow during coronary artery spasm occurring spontaneously and after provocation by ergonovine maleate. Circulation, 57: 392, 1978.

Goldberg, S. , Lam, W. , Mudge, G. , et al.: Coronary hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic alterations accompanying coronary spasm. Am. J. Cardiol., 43: 481, 1979.

Weiner, D. , Shick, E.C. , Jr., Hood, W.B. , Jr., et al.: ST segment elevation during recovery from exercise. A new manifestation of Prinzmetal's variant angina. Chest, 74: 133, 1978.

Lange, R.L. , Reid, M.S. , Tresch , D.D. , et al.: Non-atheromatous ischemic heart disease following withdrawal from chronic industrial nitroglycerin in exposure . Circulation, 46: 666, 1972.

Maseri, A. , L'Abbate, A. , Baroldi, G. , et al.: Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of "pre-infarction" angina. N. Engl. J. Med., 299: 1271, 1978.

Needleman, P. , Kulkarni, P.S. , Raz , A. : Coronary tone modulation: Formation and actions of prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxanes. Science, 195: 409, 1977.

Hellstrom, R.H. : Evidence in favor of the vasospastic cause of coronary artery thrombosis. Am. Heart J., 97: 449, 1979.

Oliva, P.B. , Breckinridge, J.C. : Arteriographic evidence of coronary arterial spasm in acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med., 56: 366, 1977.

Heupler, F.A. , Jr., Proudfit, W.L. , Razavi , M. : Ergonovine maleate provocative test for coronary arterial spasm. Am. J. Cardiol., 41: 631, 1978.

Schroeder, J.S. , Bolen, J.L. , Quint , R.A. , et al.: Provocation of coronary spasm with ergonovine maleate. New test with results in 57 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Am. J. Cardiol., 40: 487, 1977.

Nelson, C. , Nowak, B. , Childs, H. , et al.: Provocative testing for coronary arterial spasm: Rationale, risk and clinical illustrations. Am. J. Cardiol., 40: 624, 1977.

Scherf, D. , Perlman, A. , Schlachman, M. : Effect of dihydroergonovine on the heart. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 71: 420, 1949.

Endo, M. , Hirosawa, K. , Kaneko, N. , et al.: Prinzmetal's variant angina: Coronary arteriogram and left ventriculogram during angina attack induced by methacholine. N. Engl. J. Med., 294: 252, 1976.

Yasue, H. , Omote, S. , Takizawa, A. , et al.: Exertional angina pectoris caused by coronary arterial spasm: Effects of various drugs. Am. J. Cardiol., 43: 647, 1979.

Parodi, O. , Maseri, A. , Simmonetti, I. : Management of unstable angina at rest by verapamil. A double blind cross over study in coronary care unit. Br. Heart J., 41: 167, 1979.

Gaasch, W.H. : Exercise testing in variant angina. Chest, 74: 612, 1978.