Thirty-four patients with symptoms suggesting mitral valve prolapse were evaluated by M-mode echocardiography, real time, two-dimensional, phased array echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. Ten of these patients had unequivocal evidence of mitral valve prolapse during cardiac catheterization. This diagnosis was established initially by M-mode and two-dimensional echo cardiographic techniques.
A characteristic "whiplike" motion of the posterior mitral leaflet was seen in 7 patients. The posterior mitral leaflet was moving successively toward the left atrium and left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. Arching of one or both mitral leaflets was also seen in patients with mitral valve prolapse during two-dimen sional echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography significantly en hances the mitral valve prolapse evaluation, but further experience and better techniques are necessary to explain many of the signs associated with this ab normality.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Shrivastava, S., Guthrie, R.B., Edwards, J.E.: Prolapse of the mitral valve. Mod. Concepts Cardiovasc. Dis., 56: 57, 1977.
2.
Trent, I.K., Adelman, A.G., Wigle, E.D., et al: Morphology of a prolapsed posterior mitral valve leaflet. Am. Heart J., 79: 539, 1970.
3.
Kittredge, R.D. , Shimorura, S., Cameron, A., et al.: Prolapsing of mitral valve leaflets: Cineangiographic demonstration. Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Ther. Nucl. Med., 109: 84, 1970.
4.
Jeresaty, R.M. : Ballooning of the mitral valve leaflet. Radiology, 100: 45, 1971.
5.
Kriley, J.M. , Lewis, K.B., Humphries, J.O., et al.: Prolapse of the mitral valve: Clinical and angiographic findings. Br. Heart J., 28: 488, 1966.
6.
Shah, P.M., Gramiak, R.: Echocardiographic recognition of mitral valve prolapse. Circulation , 42: II-45, 1970 (Suppl. II).
7.
Kerber, R.E. , Isaeff, D.M., Hancock, E.W.: Echocardiographic pattern in patients with the syndrome of systolic click and late systolic murmur. N. Engl. J. Med., 283: 691, 1971.
8.
Dillon, J.C. , Haine, C.L., Chang, S., et al.: Use of echocardiography in patients with prolapsed mitral valve. Circulation, 43: 503, 1971.
9.
DeMaria, A.N. , King, J.F., Bogrem, H.G., et al: The variable spectrum of echocardiographic manifestation of mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Circulation , 50: 32, 1974.
10.
Popp, K.L., Brown, D.R., Silverman, J.F., et al.: Echocardiographic abnormalities in mitral valve prolapse syndrome . Circulation, 49: 428, 1974.
11.
Sahn, D.J., Allen, H., Goldberg, S.J.: The echocardiographic spectrum of mitral valve (MV) motion in children with and without mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Circulation, 52: II-120, 1975 (Suppl. II).
12.
Markiewicz, W., Stoyer, J., London, E., et al.: Mitral valve prolapse in one hundred presumably healthy young females. Circulation, 53:464, 1976.
13.
Weiss, A.N. , Mimbs, J.W., Ludbrook, P.A., et al.: Echocardiographic detection of mitral valve prolapse. Exclusion of false positive diagnosis and determination of inheritance. Circulation, 52: 1091, 1975 .
14.
Sahn, D.J., Allen, H.D., Goldberg, S.J., et al.: Mitral prolapse in children. A problem defined by real-time cross-sectional echocardiography. Circulation, 53:651, 1976.
15.
Gilbert, B.W. , Schatz, R.A., VonRamm, O.T., et al.: Mitral valve prolapse. Two dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic correlation. Circulation , 54: 716, 1976.
16.
Tajik, A.J. , Seward, J.B., Hagler, D.J., et al.: Two-dimensional real-time ultrasonic imaging of the heart and great vessels. Technique, image orientation, Structure identification and validation, Mayo Clin. Proc., 53: 271, 1978.
17.
Ranganathan, N., Silver, M.D., Robinson, T.I., et al.: Angiographic-morphologic correlation in patients with severe mitral regurgitation due to prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet. Circulation, 48: 514, 1973.
18.
Procacci, P.M. , Sarran, S.V., Schreiter, S.L., et al.: Prevalence of clinical mitral valve prolapse in 1169 young women. N. Engl. J. Med., 294: 1086, 1976.
19.
Ronan, J.A. , Perloff, J.K., Harvey, W.P.: Systolic clicks and the late systolic murmur: Intracardiac phonocardiographic evidence of their mitral valve origin. Am. Heart, J., 70: 319, 1965.
20.
Barlow, J.B.: Conjoint clinic on the clinical significance of late systolic murmurs and no-ejection systolic clicks. J. Chronic Dis., 18: 665, 1965.
21.
Barlow, J.B., Bosman, C.K., Pocock, W.A., et al.: Late systolic murmurs and non-ejection ("mid-late") systolic clicks: Analysis of 90 patients. Br. Heart J., 30: 203, 1968.
22.
Rizzon, P., Biasco, G., Brindicci, G., et al.: Familial syndrome of mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur . Br. Heart, J., 35: 245, 1973.
23.
Weyman, A.E. , Feigenbaum, H., Dillon, J.C., et al: Cross-sectional echocardiography in assessing the severity of valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation , 52: 828, 1975.
24.
Nichol, P.M. , Gilbert, B.W., Kisslo, J.A.: Two dimensional echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis. Circulation, 55: 120, 1977.
25.
Wann, L.S., Weyman, A.E., Feigenbaum, H., et al.: Determination of mitral valve area by cross-sectional echocardiography . Ann. Intern. Med., 88: 337, 1978.
26.
DeMaria, A.N. , Neumann, A., Lee, G., et al.: Echocardiographic identification of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Am. J. Med., 62: 819, 1977.
