Cellular Electrophysiologic Basis of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Hodgkin, A.L. , Keynes, R.D. : Movement of cations during recovery in nerve. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 8: 423, 1954.

Hodgkin, A.L. , Keynes, R.D. : The potassium permeability of a giant nerve fiber. J. Physiol., 128: 61, 1955.

Haas, H.G. : Active ion transport in heart muscle, Electrical Phenomena in the Heart. Edited by W. C. DeMello. New York, Academic Press, 1972, pp. 163-189.

Hoffman, B.F. , Cranefield, P.F. : Electrophysiology of the Heart. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960.

Draper, M.H. , Weidmann, S. : Cardiac resting and acting potentials recorded with an intracellular electrode. J. Physiol., 115: 74, 1951.

Trautwein, W. : Generation of the cardiac action potential, Electrical Activity of the Heart . Edited by G. W. Manning , S. P. Ahuja. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1969, pp. 9-22.

Reuter, H. : Divalent cations as charge carries in excitable membranes. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 26: 3, 1973.

McAllister, R.E. , Noble, D. : The time and voltage dependence of the slow outward current in cardiac Purkinje fibers. J. Physiol., 186: 632, 1966.

Rosen, M.R. , Wit, A.L. , Hoffman, B.F. : Cellular electrophysiology of the mammalian heart. Am. Heart J., 88: 380, 1974.

Rosen, M.R. : Electrophysiology of the cardiac specialized conducting system, His Bundle Electrocardiology and Clinical Electrophysiology. Edited by O. Narula. Philadelphia, Davis, pp. 19-35.

Noble, D. , Tsien, R.W. : The kinetics and rectifier properties of the slow potassium current in cardiac Purkinje fibers. J. Physiol., 195: 185, 1968 .

Weidmann, S. : Effects of calcium ions and local anesthetics on electrical properties of Perkinje fibers. J. Physiol., 129: 568, 1955.

Weidmann, S. : The effect of the cardiac membrane potential on the rapid availability of the sodium carrying system. J. Physiol., 127: 213, 1955.

Fozzard, H.A. : The membrane capacitance of heart cells, Electrical Phenomena in the Heart. Edited by W. C. DeMello. New York, Academic Press, 1972, pp. 219-233.

Dominguez, G. , Fozzard, H.A. : Influence of extracellular K+ concentration on cable properties and excitability of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ. Res., 26: 565, 1970.

Brooks, C. McC., Hoffman, B. F.: Excitability of the Heart. Edited by E. E. Suckling , O. Orias. New York, Grune & Stratton , 1955.

Strauss, H.C. , Bigger, J.T. , Jr.: Electrophysiologic properties of the rabbit sinoatrial perinodal fiber. Circ. Res., 31: 490, 1972.

Myerburg, R.J. , Stewart, J.W. , Hoffman, B.F. : Electrophysiological properties of the canine peripheral A-V conducting system. Circ. Res., 26: 361, 1970.

Cranefield, P.F. , Wit, A.L. , Hoffman, B.F. : Genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation, 47: 190, 1973.

Cranefield, P.F. , Wit, A.L. , Hoffman, B.F. : Conduction of the cardiac impulse. III. Characteristics of very slow conduction, J. Gen. Physiol. , 59: 227, 1972.

Cranefield, P.F. : Ventricular fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med., 289: 732, 1973.

Schmitt, F.O. , Erlanger, J. : Directional differences in the conduction of the impulse through heart muscle and their possible relation to extrasystolic and fibrillary contraction. M. J. Physiol., 87: 326, 1928-1929.

Wit, A.L. , Rosen, M.R. , Hoffman, B.F. : Relationship of normal and abnormal electrical activity of cardiac fibers to the genesis of arrhythmias. Am. Heart J., 88: 664, 1974.

Cranefield, P.F. , Hoffman, B.F. : Conduction of the cardiac impulse. II. Summation and inhibition. Circ. Res., 28: 220, 1971.

Wit, A.L. , Rosen, M.R. , Hoffman, B.F. : Relationship of normal and abnormal electrical activity of cardiac fibers to the genesis of arrhythmias. A. Automaticity, Am. Heart J., 88: 515, 1974.