Primary and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

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Kuida, H. , Dammin, G.J. , Haynes, F.W. , Rapaport, E. , and Dexter, L. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. Amer. J. Med., 23: 166, 1957.

Yu, P.N. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. Report of six cases and review of literature. Ann. Intern. Med., 49, 1138, 1958.

Goodwin, J.F. , Harrison, C.V. , and Wilcken, D.E.L. : Obliterative pulmonary hypertension and thrombo-embolism. Brit. Med. J. , 1: 701, 1963.

Wilhelmsen, L. , Selander, S. , Söderholm , B. , Paulin, S. , Varnauskas, E. , and Werkö, L. : Recurrent pulmonary embolism. Medicine (Balt), 42: 335, 1963.

Farrar, J.F. : Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Amer. Heart J., 66: 128,1963.

Shane, S.J. , Aterman, K. , Roy, D.L. , and Chandler, B.M. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. A review, and report of five cases . Canad. Med. Ass. J., 91: 145, 1964.

Fowler, N.O. , Black-Schaffer, B. , Scott , R.C. , and Gueron, M. : Idiopathic and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension . Amer. J. Med., 40: 331, 1966.

Storstein, O. , Efskind, L. , Müller , C. , Rokseth, R. , and Sander, S. : Primary pulmonary hypertension with emphasis on its etiology and treatment. Acta Med. Scand., 179: 197, 1966.

Oakley, C.M. , and Goodwin, J.F. : Current clinical aspects of cor pulmonale . Amer. J. Cardiol., 20: 842, 1967.

Blount, S.G. Jr.: Primary pulmonary hypertension. Mod. Conc. Cardiovasc. Dis., 36: 67, 1967.

Fleischner, F.G. : Recurrent pulmonary embolism and cor pulmonale . New Eng. J. Med., 276: 1213,1967.

Gurtner, H.P. , Gertsch, M. , Salzmann , C. , Scherrer, M. , Stucki, P. , and Wyss, F. : Häufen sich die primär vasculären Formen des chronischen Cor pulmonale? Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 98: 1579 and 1695, 1968.

Krähenbühl, B. , Laperrouza, C. , and Moret, P. : L'hypertension pulmonaire "essentielle" ou "thrombo-embolique". Etude clinique de cinq observations . Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 98: 1311, 1968.

Wagenvoort, C.A. , and Wagenvoort , N. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. A pathologic study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed cases. Circulation, 42: 1163, 1970.

Gahl, K. , Fabel, H. , Greiser, E. , Harmjanz, D. , Ostertag, H. , and Stender, H.-St. : Primär vaskuläre pulmonale Hypertonie. Z. Kreislaufforsch., 59: 868, 1970.

Walcott, G. , Burchell, H.B. , and Brown, A.L. Jr.: Primary pulmonary hypertension. Amer. J. Med., 49: 70,1970.

Litten, M. : Ueber Verengerungen im Stromgebiet der Lungenarterie. Berl. Klin. Wschr., 19: 425, 1882.

Posselt, A. : Die klinische Diagnose der Pulmonalarteriensklerose. Volkmann's Sammlung Klin. Vorträge. inn. Med., 149/52: 361, 1908.

Posselt, A. : Die Erkrankungen der Lungen-schlagader. Ergebn. Allg. Path. , 1: 298, 1909.

Bristowe, J. : Thickening and dilatation of the pulmonary artery, and its ramifications. Trans. Path. Soc. London, 11: 80, 1860.

Helié, M. : Inflammation de l'artère pulmonaire. Bull. Soc. Anat. Paris , 12: 254, 1837.

Ljungdahl, M. : Gibt es eine Chronische Embolisierung der Lungenarterie? Deutsch. Arch. Klin. Med., 160: 1, 1928.

Moschcowitz, E. : Hypertension of the pulmonary circulation . Amer. J. Med. Sci., 174: 388, 1927.

Penaloza, D. , Sime, F. , Banchero, N. , and Gamboa, R. : Pulmonary hypertension in healthy man born and living at high altitudes. Med. Thorac., 19: 449, 1962.

Obeyesekere, I. , and de Soysa, N. : Primary pulmonary hypertension, eosinophilia and filariasis in Ceylon. Brit. Heart J., 32: 524, 1970.

Bärlocher, P. , Schaub, F. , and Bühlmann, A. : Uber die sogenannte primäre pulmonale Hypertonie . Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 88: 869, 1958.

Wood, P. in: Diseases of the heart and circulation. 2. ed., p. 938. Eyre & Spottiswode, London, 1956.

Nielsen, N.C. , and Fabricius, J. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. With special reference to prognosis. Acta Med. Scand., 170: 731, 1961 .

Schwingshackl, H. , Amor, A. , and Dienstl, F. : "Primäre" pulmonale Hypertonie bei sieben jüngeren Frauen. Deutsch. Med. Wschr. , 94: 639, 1969.

Voss, H. , and Harms, H. : Epidemiologie und Klinik der primär vaskulären pulmonalen Hypertonie . Z. Kreislaufforsch.. 59: 887, 1970.

v. Smekal, P. , Stanfuss, K. , and Rao, G. : Zunahme der primär vaskulären pulmonalen Hypertonie im Zusammenhang mit der Einnahme von Appetitzüglern? Fragen zur Atemregulation. Z. Kreislaufforsch., 59: 892, 1970.

Anschütz, F. : Zur Klinik des chronischen cor pulmonale. Form Cardiol., 8: 94, 1964.

Blum, A. : Die Prognose des chronischen cor pumonale. Arch. Kreislaufforsch. , 48: 57, 1965.

Mac Callum, W.G. : Obliterative pulmonary arteriolosclerosis . Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 49: 37, 1931.

Goodale, F. , Jr., and Thomas , W.A. : Primary pulmonary arterial disease, observations with special reference to medial thickening of small arteries and arterioles . Arch. Path. ( Chicago), 58: 568, 1954.

Gough, J.H. , Gold, R.G. , and Gibson, R.V. : Acquired pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary artery compression. Thorax, 22: 358, 1967.

Hekster, C. , Meersseman, F. , Cosyns , J. , Kremer, R. , and Lavenne, F. : Rétrécissement de l'artère pulmonaire et de l'aorte par une tumeur thymique. Acta Cardiol. (Brux.) , 23: 381, 1968.

Waldhausen, J.A. , Lombardo, C.R. , and Morrow, A.G. : Pulmonic stenosis due to compression of the pulmonary artery by an intrapericardial tumor. J. Thorac. Surg., 37: 679, 1959.

Barros, J.L. , and Gómez, F.P. : Pulmonary stenosis due to external compression by a pericardial band. Brit. Heart J., 29: 947, 1967.

Watanabe, T. , Miyazawa, K. , Tsukamoto , M. , Shibota, Y. , and Katori, R. : Syphilitic aneurysm of the ascending aorta, producing pulmonic stenosis by compression. Amer. J. Cardiol. , 20: 575, 1967.

Dankmeijer, J. , Herles, F. , Ibrahim , M. , Reid, D.D. , Richards, D.W. , Stuart-Harris , C.H. , Taquini, A.C. , and Werkö, L. : Chronic cor pulmonale. Report of an expert committee. Circulation , 27: 594, 1963.

Nasser, W.K. , Feigenbaum, H. , and Fisch. C. : Clinical and hemodynamic diagnosis of pulmonary venous obstruction due to sclerosing mediastinitis . Amer. J. Cardiol., 20: 725, 1967.

Contis, G. , Fung, R.H. , Vawter, G.F. , and Nadas, A.S. : Stenosis and obstruction of the pulmonary veins associated with pulmonary artery hypertension. Amer. J. Cardiol., 20: 718, 1967.

Trell, E. , Johansson, B.W. , Andrén, L. , and Ohlsson, N.-M. : The scimitar syndrome. With particular reference to its pathogenesis . Z. Kreislaufforsch., 60: 880, 1971.

Arvidsson, H. , Karnell. J. , and Möller, T. : Multiple stenosis of the pulmonary arteries associated with pulmonary hypertension, diagnosed by selective angiocardiography . Acta radiol. ( Stockholm), 44: 209, 1955.

Arvidsson, H. , Carlsson. E. , Hartmann . A. , Jr., Tsifutis, A. , and Crawford, C. : Supravalvular stenoses of the pulmonary arteries . Acta radiol. (Stockholm), 56: 466, 1961. 48. Beuren, A.J. , Schulze, C. , Eberle, P. , Harmjanz, D. , and Apitz, J. : The syndrome of supravalvular aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, mental retardation and similar facial appearance . Amer. J. Cardiol., 13: 471, 1964.

Mc Donald, A.H. , Gerlis, L.M. , and Somerville , J. : Familial arteriopathy with associated pulmonary and systemic arterial stenoses. Brit. Heart J., 31: 375, 1969.

Lees, M.H. , Menashe, V.D. , Sunderland, C.O. , Morgan, C.L. , and Dawson, P.J. : Ehlers-Danlos syndrome associated with multiple pulmonary artery stenoses and tortuous systemic arteries. J. Pediat., 75: 1031, 1969.

Pool, P.E. , Vogel. J. H. K., and Blount, S.G. Jr.: Congenital unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. The importance of flow in pulmonary hypertension. Amer. J. Cardiol., 10: 706, 1962.

Evans, W. : Congenital pulmonary hypertension. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 44: 600, 1951.

Balboni, F.A. , and Lopresti, J. : Congenital idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery in children. A report of seven cases. Bull. St. Francis Hosp. (Roslyn), 17: 1, 1961.

Friedman, H.M. , and Smith, C.K. : Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery . J. A. M. A., 203: 809, 1968.

Cain, H. : Uber primäre Sarkome des Hauptstammes des Arteria pulmonalis. Deutsch. Med. Wschr., 94: 1607,1969.

Hirsch, A. , Chrétien, J. , Renault, P. , Galey, J.J. , Robillard, M. , Duroux, P. , Gajdos, P. , and Brouet, G. : Sarcome primitif de l'artère pulmonaire chez une jeune femme. Récidive rapide après exérèse. J. Franç. Med. Chir. Thorac., 24: 147, 1970.

Mc Connell, T.H. : Bony and cartilaginous tumours of the heart and great vessels. Report of an osteosarcoma of the pulmonary artery. Cancer, 25: 611, 1970.

Clausen, K.P. , and Geer, J.C. : Hypertensive pulmonary arteritis . Amer. J. Dis. Child., 118: 718, 1969.

Diebold, J. , Antebi, L. , Kalifat . R.-S. , Bernadou, A. , dee Langenhagen , B. , and Reynes, M. : Angéite allergique granulomateuse avec manifestations pulmonaires et cardiaques prédominantes . Presse Med., 77: 1211, 1969 .

Kozuka, T. , Nosaki, T. , Sato, K. , and Ihara, K. : Aortitis syndrome with special reference to pulmonary vascular changes . Acta radiol./Diagn./ (Stockholm ), 7: 25, 1968.

Rose, G.A. , and Spencer, H. : Polyarteritis nodosa. Quart. J. Med., 26: 43, 1957.

Elwood, J.S. : Polyarteritis nodosa in the lung of a newborn infant. Arch. Path. (Chicago), 60: 179, 1955.

Marie, J. , Watchi, J.-M. , Allaneau, C. , Cloup, M. and Fournet, J.-P. : Angéite nécrotique pulmonaire isolée chez un nouveau-né. Ann. Pediat. (Paris), 17: 790, 1970.

Hughes, J.P. , and Stovin, P.G. : Segemental pulmonary artery aneurysms with peripheral venous thrombosis. Brit. J. Dis. Chest, 53: 19, 1959.

Reimold, W.V. , Emmrich, J. , Harmjanz , D. , and Kochsiek, K. : Aneurysmen der Arteria pulmonalis infolge rezidivierender septischer Embolien (Hughes-Stovin-Syndrom). Bericht über einen Fall. Arch. Klin. Med., 215: 1, 1968.

Huguchi, M. , Kitamura, S. , and Terada, I. : An autopsy case of multiple intrapulmonary artery aneurysms with systemic thromboendophlebitis, the "Hughes-Stovin syndrome" . Acta Path. Jap., 19: 69, 1969.

Nair, D.V. : Aneurysmal dilatation of pulmonary artery. Brit. J. Clin. Pract., 18: 217, 1964.

Best, J. : Dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery with multiple cardiovascular abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension. Med. J. Aust., 2: 1129, 1967.

Natelson, E.A. , Watts, H.D. , and Fred, H.L. : Cystic medionecrosis of the pulmonary arteries . Chest, 57: 333, 1970.

Rosall, R.E. , Frader, R.S. , and Sproule, B.J. : Isolated pulmonary hypertension occurring in two sisters with congenital syphilis . In: Program of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 31st annual meeting. Toronto, January 18-20, 1926 , p. 104 (abstract).

Andrade, Z.A. and Andrade, S.G. : Pathogenesis of schistosomal pulmonary arteriitis. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 19: 305, 1970.

Szwed, J.J. : Pulmonary angiothrombosis caused by "blue velvet" addiction. Ann. Intern. Med., 73: 771, 1970.

Roberts, W.C. , and Fredrickson , D.S. : Gaucher's disease of the lung causing severe pulmonary hypertension with associated acute recurrent pericarditis. Circulation, 35: 783, 1967.

Garcia, R. , and Saeed, S.M. : Amyloidosis. Cardiovascular manifestations in five illustrative cases . Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago), 121: 259, 1968 .

Onodera, S. , and Hill, J.R. : Pulmonary hypertension. Report of a case in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Ohio Med. J., 61: 141, 1965.

Cohen, N. , and Mendelow, H. : Concurrent "active juvenile cirrhosis" and "primary pulmonary hypertension ". Amer. J. Med., 39: 127, 1965.

Slama, R. , Crevelier, A. , Coumel, P. , and Snanoudj, S. : Hypertension artérielle pulmonaire primitive et lupus érythémateux disséminé . Presse Med., 75: 961, 1967.

Willerson, J.T. , Thompson, R.H. , Hookman , P. , Herdt, J. , and Decker, J.L. : Reserpine in Raynaud's disease and phenomenon. Short-term response to intra-arterial injection. Ann. Intern. Med., 72: 17, 1970.

Rawson, A.J. , and Woske, H.M. : A study of etiologic factors in so-called primary pulmonary hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago), 105: 233, 1960 .

Pace, W.R. Jr., Decker, J.L. , and Mar tin, C.J. : Polymyositis: Report of two cases with pulmonary function studies suggestive of progressive systemic sclerosis. Amer. J. Med. Sci., 245: 322, 1963.

Caldwell, I.W. , and Aitchison, J.D. : Pulmonary hypertension in dermatomyositis . Brit. Heart J., 18: 273, 1956.

Trell, E. , and Lindström, C. : Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 30: 390, 1971.

Ingram, R.H. , Szidon, J.P. , Skalak , R. , and Fishman, A.P. : Effects of symphathetic nerve stimulation on the pulmonary arterial tree of isolated lobe perfused in situ. Circ. Res., 22: 801, 1968.

Rogge, J.D. , Mishkin, M.E. , and Genovese , P.D. : The familial occurrence of primary pulmonary hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med., 65: 672, 1966.

Daily, P.O. , and Moulder, P.V. : Serotonin and pulmonary embolism . Arch. Surg. (Chicago), 93: 348, 1966.

Daicoff, G.R. , Chavez, F.R. , Anton , A.A. , and Swenson, E.W. : Serotonin-induced pulmonary venous hypertension in pulmonary embolism. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 56: 810, 1968.

Winters, W.L. Jr., Joseph, R.R. , and Learner, N. : "Primary" pulmonary hypertension and Raynaud's phenomenon. Case report and review of the literature . Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago), 114: 821, 1964 .

Aviado, D.M. : The lung circulation. Vol. 1-2. Pergamon press. Oxford, 1965.

Josephson, S. : Pulmonary hemodynamics during experimental air embolism. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., Suppl. 115,1970.

Degenring. F.H. : Die unterschiedliche Wirkung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin auf den Lungenkreislauf. Arch. Kreislaufforsch. , 62: 181, 1970.

Sproule, B.J. , Phillipson, E.A. , Couves , C.M. , and Brownlee , R.T. : Acute pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic lactic acidosis. Canad. Med. Ass. J., 94: 141, 1966.

Youssef, H.H. , Edeen, H.E. , and Elgammal , M.Y. : Hypercapnic pulmonary hypertension (A preliminary report). Dis. Chest , 53: 328, 1968.

Motley, H.L. , Cournand, A. , Werkö , L. , Himmelstein, A. , and Dresdale, D. : The influence of short periods of induced acute anoxia upon pulmonary artery pressures in man. Amer. J. Physiol., 150: 315, 1947 .

Bergofsky, E.H. , and Holtzman , S. : A study of the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary arterial pressor response to hypoxia. Circ. Res., 20: 506, 1967.

Hasleton, P.S. , Heath, D. , and Brewer, D.B. : Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in states of chronic hypoxia. J. Path. Bact., 95: 431, 1968.

Addington, W.W. , Pfeffer, S.H. , and Gaensler , E.A. : Obesity and alveolar hypoventilation. Respiration, 26: 214, 1969.

Williams, M.H. Jr., and Shim, C.S. : Ventilatory failure. Etiology and clinical forms. Amer. J. Med., 48: 477, 1970.

Massumi. R.A. , Sarin, R.K. , Pooya , M. , Reichelderfer, T.R. , Fraga, J.R. , Rios, J.C. , and Ayesterian , E. : Tonsillar hypertrophy, airway obstruction, alveolar hypoventilation and cor pulmonale in twin brothers . Dis. Chest, 55: 110, 1969.

Malmquist, J. , Trell, E. , Torp , A. , and Lindström, C. : A case of drug-induced(?) pulmonary hypertension . Acta Med. Scand. , 188: 265, 1970.

Rivier, J.-L. : Hypertension artérielle pulmonaire primitive. Résultats statistique préliminaires sous l'égide de la Société suisse de Cardiologie et avec l'aide de la Fondation suisse de Cardiologie. Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 100: 143,1970.

Editorial. An epidemic of pulmonary hypertension. Lancet, 2: 252, 1971.

Stühlinger, W. , Turnheim, K. , and Kraupp, C. : Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Aminorex, Noradrenalin, Amphetamin und Ephedrin auf die Hämondynamik des grossen und kleinen Kreislaufes an Hunden . Z. Kreislaufforsch. , 60: 73, 1971.

Kay, J.M. : Crotalaria pulmonary hypertension. Progr. Resp. Res. , 5: 30, 1970.

Wade, G. , and Ball, J. : Unexplained pulmonary hypertension. Quart. J. Med. , 26: 83, 1957.

Heath, D. , Whitaker, W. , and Brown, J.W. : Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Brit. Heart J. , 19: 83, 1957.

Goodale, F. Jr., and Thomas, W.A. : Primary pulmonary arterial disease. Arch. Path. (Chicago), 58: 568, 1954.

Wood, D.A. , and Miller, M. : The role of the dual pulmonary circulation in various pathologic conditions of the lungs. J. Thorac. Surg., 7: 649, 1938.

Brinton, W.D. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. Brit Heart J., 12: 305, 1950.

James, T.N. : Degenerative arteriopathy with pulmonary hypertension: a revised concept of so-called primary pulmonary hypertension. Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull., 9: 271, 1961.

Masshoff, W. , and Röher, H.-D. : Pulmonaler Hochdruck bei Glomangiose der Lungen. Klin. Wschr. , 42: 655, 1964.

Liebow, A.A. , Hales, M.R. , Harrison, W. , Bloomer, W. , and Lindskog, G.E. : The genesis and functional implications of collateral circulation of the lungs . Yale J. Biol. Med. , 22: 637, 1950.

Robertson, B. , Rosenhamer. G. , and Lindberg, J. : Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in two siblings. Acta Med. Scand., 186: 569, 1969 .

Shepherd, J.T. , Edwards, J.E. , Burchell , H.B. , Swan, H.J.C. , and Wood, E.H. : Clinical, physiological and pathological considerations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension . Brit. Heart J., 19: 70, 1957.

Czarnecki, S.W. , Rosenbaum, H.M. , and Wachtel, H.L. : The occurrence of primary pulmonary hypertension in twins with a review of etiological considerations . Amer. Heart J., 75: 240, 1968.

Delaye, J. , Loire, R. , Brune , J. , Dalloz, C. , Delahaye, J.-P. , and Gonin, A. : L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire primitive familiale. Histoire de deux familles et revue de la littérature. Coeur Med. Intern., 8: 31, 1969.

Massoud, H. , Puckett. W. , and Auerbach, S.H. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. A study of the disease in four young siblings. J. Tenn. Med. Ass. , 63: 299, 1970.

Giraud, G. , Latour, R. , Puech , P. , and Roujon, J. : Hypertension artérielle pulmonaire primitive . Arch. Mal. Coeur, 50: 1102, 1957.

Dresdale, D.T. , Michtom, R.J. , and Schultz, M. : Recent studies in primary pulmonary hypertension. Including pharmacodynamic observations on pulmonary vascular resistance. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. , 30: 195, 1954.

Dresdale, D.T. , Schultz, M. , and Michtom, R.J. : Primary pulmonary hypertension. 1. Clinical and hemodynamic study. Amer. J. Med., 11: 686, 1951.

Wood, P. : Pulmonary hypertension with special reference to the vasoconstrictive factor . Brit. Heart J., 20: 557, 1958.

Bayley, T. , Clements, J.A. , and Osbahr, A.J. : Pulmonary and circulatory effects of fibrinopeptides . Circ. Res., 21: 469, 1967.

Robin, E.D. , Cross, C.E. , Millen , J.E. , and Murdaugh , H.V. Jr.: Humoral agent from calf lung producing pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction. Science, 156: 327, 1967.

Robin, E.D. , Cross, C.E. , Kroetz , F. , Totten, R.S. , and Bron, K. : Pulmonary hypertension and unilateral pleural constriction with speculation on pulmonary vasoconstrictive substance. Arch. Intern. Med., 118: 391. 1966 .

Said, S.I. , Kontos, H.A. , Muren , O. , and Kirby, B.J. : Pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension induced by mammalian lung extracts: a new vasoactive substance in the lung? Fed. Proc., 27: 577, 1968.

Said, S.I. : The lung as a metabolic organ. N. Eng. J. Med., 279: 1330, 1968.

Hauge, A. : The pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxia. Studies on mechanism and site of action. Progr. Resp. Res., 5: 145, 1970.

Joseph, R.R. , Tourtellotte, C.D. Barry , W.E. , Smalley, R.V. , and Durant, J.R. : Prolonged immunological disorder terminating in hematological malignancy: A human analogue of animal disease? Ann. Intern. Med., 72: 699, 1970.

Holt, E.P. Jr., Webb, W.R. , Cock , W.A. , and Unal, M.O. : Air embolism. Hemodynamics and therapy . Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2: 551, 1966.

Winterbauer, R.H. , Elfenbein, I.B. , and Ball, W.C. : Incidence and clinical significance of tumor embolization to the lungs. Amer. J. Med., 45: 271, 1968.

Miller, G.A.H. , and Sutton, G.C. : Acute massive pulmonary embolism. Clinical and haemodynamic findings in 23 patients studied by cardiac catheterization and pulmonary arteriography. Brit. Heart J., 32: 518, 1970.

Emery, J.L. : Pulmonary embolism in children. Arch. Dis. Child., 37: 591, 1962.

Freiman, D.G. , Suyemoto, J. , and Wessler, S. : Frequency of pulmonary thromboembolism in man. New Eng. J. Med., 272: 1278, 1965.

Thomas, W.A. , Davies, J.N.P. , O'Neal, R.M. , and Dimakulangan , A.A. : Incidence of myocardial infarction correlated with venous and pulmonary thrombosis and embolism. Amer. J. Cardiol., 5: 41, 1960.

Muaro, M. : Low incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan. Jap. Heart J., 8: 105, 1967.

Mourant, A.E. , Kopeé, A.C. , and Domaniewska-Sobczak , K. : Blood-groups and blood-clotting . Lancet, 1: 223, 1971.

Kingsbury, K.J. : Relation of ABO blood-groups to atherosclerosis . Lancet, 1: 199, 1971.

Ball, K.P. , Goodwin, J.F. , and Harrison, C.V. : Massive thrombotic occlusion of the large pulmonary arteries. Circulation, 14: 766,1956.

Owen, W.R. , Thomas, W.A. , Castleman, B. , and Bland, E.F. : Unrecognized emboli to the lungs with subsequent cor pulmonale. New Eng. J. Med., 249: 919, 1953.

Poll, D. : Thrombosis of pulmonary vessels in polycythaemia vera. J. Mt. Sinai Hosp., 1: 254, 1935.

Schein, C.J. , Rifkin, H. , Hurwitt , E.S. , and Lebendiger , A. : The clinical and surgical aspects of chronic pulmonary artery thrombosis. Arch. Intern. Med., 101: 592, 1958.

Bjure, J. , Paulin, S. , Söderholm, B. , and Wilhelmsen, L. : Pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics in patients with recurrent pulmonary embolism and polycythemia vera. Cor Vasa, 9: 34, 1967.

Gootman, N. , Gross, J. , and Mensch, A. : Pulmonary artery thrombosis. Pediatrics, 34: 861, 1964.

Rosenkranz, A. , and Weissenbacher , G. : Thrombose der Lungenarterien als Komplikation des nephrotischen Syndroms. Wien. Klin. Wschr. , 79: 320, 1967.

Barnett, E.V. , Bluestone, F. , Cracchiolo , A. , Goldberg, L.S. , Kantor, G.L. , and Mc Intosh , R.M. : Cryoglobulinemia and disease. Ann. Intern. Med., 73: 95, 1970.

Maddison, F.E. , Lim, R.C. Jr., Blaisdell , F.W. , and Amberg, J.R. : Pulmonary microembolism-radiologic findings. Radiology, 90: 1176, 1968.

Banks, D.C. , Raftery, E.B. , and Oram, F. : Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension of unusual cause in a teenager. Brit. Med. J., 3: 563, 1970.

Eeles, G.H. , and Sevitt, S. : Microthrombosis in injured and burned patients . J. Path. Bact., 93: 275, 1967.

Annotations. Sequelae to pulmonary embolism. Lancet, 2: 1291, 1967.

Blaisdell, F.W. , Lim, R.C. Jr., Amberg, J. R., Choy, S. H., Hall, A. D., and Thomas, A. N.: Pulmonary microembolism. A cause of morbidity and death after major vascular surgery. Arch. Surg. ( Chicago), 93: 776, 1966.

Umlas, J. , and Kaiser, J. : Thrombohemolytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A disease or a syndrome? Amer. J. Med., 49: 723, 1970.

Horwitz, C.A. , Ward, P.C.J. : Disseminated intravascular coagulation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and adult pulmonary hyaline membranes—an interrelated triad? Report of a case following small bowel resection for a strangulated inguinal hernia. Amer. J. Med. , 51: 272, 1971.

Fondu, P. , Belenger, J. , Gijselings, R. , and Harel-Barkay, A. : Varicelle purpura fulminans et trombose veineuse étendue. Acta Paediat. Belg., 22: 187, 1968.

Wang, Y. , From, A.H.L. , Krivit, W. , Segal, M.A. , and Edwards, J.E. : Disseminated pulmonary arterial thrombosis associated with thrombocytopenia: Occurrence in identical twins (P). Circulation, 32 (suppl. II): 215, 1965.

Saldeen, T. : Intravascular coagulation in the lungs in experimental fat embolism. Acta Chir. Scand., 135: 653, 1969 .

Schneider, C.L. : "Fibrin embolism" (disseminated intravascular coagulation) with defibrination as one of the end results during placenta abruptio. Surg. Gynec. Ostet., 92: 27,1951.

Castleman, B. , and Bland, E.F. : Organized emboli of tertiary pulmonary arteries: unusual cause of cor pulmonale. Arch. Path. (Chicago), 42: 581, 1946.

Annotations. Thrombosis and suppression of lactation. Lancet, 2: 295, 1967.

Oliver, M.F. : Thrombosis and oestrogens. Lancet, 2: 510,1967.

Symchych, P.S. , and Perrin, E.V. : Thrombosis of the main pulmonary artery in nephrosis: thromboembolism as a complication of nephrosis. Amer. J. Dis. Child., 110: 636, 1965.

Dor, V. , Noirclerc, M. , Malmejac, C. , Houel, J. , and Dor, J. : A propos d'une thrombose de l'artère pulmonaire droite au cours d'une pneumopathie chez un sujet présentant un poumon détruit. Ann. Chir., 6: 408, 1967.

Bjure, J. : Gas exchange and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary embolism . Progr. Resp. Res., 5: 284, 1970.

Tai, A.R. , Gross, G. , and Siegelmann, S. : Right atrial myxoma and pulmonary hypertension. New York J. Med., 70: 2996, 1970.

Fahrner, R.J. , Mc Queeney, A.J. , Mosely , J.M. , and Petersen , R.W. : Trophoblastic pulmonary thrombosis with cor pulmonale. J. A. M. A., 170: 1898, 1959.

Jenevein, E.P. Jr., and Weiss, D.L. : Platelet microemboli associated with massive blood transfusion. Amer. J. Path., 45: 313, 1964.

Allardyce, D.B. , Yoshida, S.H. , and Ashmore, P.G. : The importance of microembolism in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction caused by prolonged use of the pump oxygenator . J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. , 52: 706, 1966.

Sallam, M. , and Watson, W.C. : Pulmonary hypertension due to microthromboembolism from splenic and portal veins after portacaval anastomosis. Brit. Heart J. , 32: 269, 1970.

Childers, R.W. , Ranniger, K. , and Rabinowitz , M. : Intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula with pulmonary vascular obstruction in Osler-Rendu-Weber disease. Amer. J. Med., 43: 304, 1967.

Lal, S. , and Fletcher, E. : Case reports. Pulmonary hypertension and portal venous system thrombosis . Brit. Heart J., 30: 723, 1968.

Senior, R.M. , Britton, R.C. , Turino , G.M. , Wood, J.A. , Langer, G.A. , and Fishman, A.P. : Pulmonary hypertension associated with cirrhosis of the liver and with portacaval shunts . Circulation , 37: 88, 1968.

Aach, R., and Kissane, J. (Editors): Clinicopathologic conference. A fifty-six year old woman with jaundice and pulmonary hypertension. Amer. J. Med., 47: 287, 1969.

Falicov, R.E. , Resnekov, L. , and Petasnick, J. : Progressive pulmonary vascular obstruction and cor pulmonale due to repeated embolism from axillary vein thrombosis. Ann. Intern. Med., 73: 429, 1970.

Nilsson, I.M. , and Kullander, S. : Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies during pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Gynec. Scand., 46: 273, 1967.

Egeberg, O. : Changes in the coagulation system following major surgical operations. Acta Med. Scand., 171: 679, 1962.

Amundsen, M.A. , Spittell, J.A. Jr., Thompson , J.H. Jr., and Owen, C.A. Jr.: Hypercoagulability associated with malignant disease and with the postoperative state. Evidence for elevated levels of antihemophilic globulin . Ann. Intern. Med., 58: 608, 1963.

Fagerhol, M.K. , Abildgaard, U. , and Kornstad. L. : Antithrombin-III concentration and ABO blood-groups . Lancet, 2: 664, 1971.

Abildgaard, U. : (Antithrombin III, an important physiologic coagulation inhibitor.) Farmacoterapi, 27: 22, 1971.

Olow, B. : Effect of Streptokinase on postoperative changes in some coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic system. Acta Chir. Scand., 126: 197, 1963.

Nilsson, I.M. : Changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems predisposing to thrombosis. Acta Chir. Scand., Suppl. 387: 15, 1968.

Nilsson, I.M. , Krook, H. , Sternby , N.-H. , Söderberg, E. , and Söderström , N. : Severe thrombotic disease in a young man with bone marrow and skeletal changes and with a high content of an inhibitor in the fibrinolytic system. Acta Med. Scand. , 169: 323, 1961.

Pandolfi, M. , Robertson, B. , Isacson , S. , and Nilsson, I.M. : Fibrinolytic activity of human veins in arms and legs. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. , 20: 247, 1968.

Wright, H.P. : Changes in adhesiveness of blood platelets following parturition and surgical operations. J. Path. Bact. , 54: 461, 1942.

Scharrer, I. , Schepping, M. , and Breddin, K. : Thromboseprophylaxe mit Aspirin? Der Einfluss von Acetylsalicylsäure auf die Thrombocyten-aggregation in vitro und in vivo . Klin. Wschr., 47: 1318, 1969 .

Hirsch, J. , and Me Bride, J.A. : Increased platelet adhesiveness in recurrent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Brit. Med. J., 2: 797, 1965.

Connor, W.E. , Hoak, J.C. , and Warner, E.D. : Massive thrombosis produced by fatty acid infusion. J. Clin. Invest., 42: 860, 1963.

Altemeier, M.A. , Hill, E.O. , and Fullen, W.D. : Acute and recurrent thromboembolic disease: A new concept of etiology. Ann. Surg., 170: 547, 1969 .

Aach, R., and Kissane. J. (Editors): Clinicopathologic conference. Hypercoagulable state. Amer. J. Med., 50: 247, 1971.

Williams, G.D. , Westbrook, K.C. , and Campbell , G.S. : Reflex pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension after microsphere pulmonary embolism. A myth. Amer. J. Surg., 118: 925, 1969.

Sherry, S. : Streptokinase therapy for thromboembolic occlusive vascular disease. Ann. Intern. Med., 74: 437, 1971.