Rheologic Approach To Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis

Dintenfass, L. : Study in thixotropy of concentrated pigment suspensions. I. Equilibria states. Kolloid-Z., 163: 48, 1959.

Dintenfass, L. : Study in thixotropy of concentrated pigment suspensions. II. Thixotropic recovery and nonequilibria states. Rheol. Acta, 2: 187, 1962.

Osborne, D.G. , AND Thornton, S. : Viscous properties of thixotropic materials . Brit. J. Appl. Physiol., 10: 214, 1959.

Dintenfass, L. : Thixotropy of blood and proneness to thrombus formation. Circulation Res., 11: 233, 1962.

Dintenfass, L. : Viscosity and clotting of blood in venous thrombosis and coronary occlusion cases. Circulation Res., 14: 1, 1964.

Dintenfass, L. : Microrheology of human blood. Presented at the 2nd European Conference on Microcirculation, Pavia, Italy, September, 1962.

Dintenfass, L. : Considerations of the internal viscosity of red cells and its effect on the viscosity of whole blood. Angiology, 13: 333, 1962.

Wells, R.E. , AND Merril, E.W. : Shear rate dependence of the viscosity of whole blood and plasma. Science, 133: 763, 1961.

Wells, R.E. , Denton, R. , AND Merril, E.W. : Measurement of viscosity of biological fluids by cone plate viscometer. J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 57: 646, 1961.

Fahraeus, R. : Zellgehalt und Strömungswiderstand in verschiedenen Abschnitten des Gefässsystems. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 86: 2266, 1961.

Fahraeus, R. : The influence of the rouleau formation of the erythrocytes on the rheology of the blood. Acta med. scandinav. , 161: 151, 1958.

Madow, B. , AND Bloch, E.H. : The effect of erythrocyte aggregation on the rheology of blood. Angiology, 7: 1, 1956.

Zilliacus, H. : Intravascular erythrocyte aggregation and the sedimentation reaction in local inflammation of the tissue. Acta med. scandinav., 140: 149, 1951.

Knisely, M.H. , Warner, L. , AND Harding, F. : Antemortem settling. Angiology , 11: 535, 1960.

Knisely, M.H. : The settling of sludge during life. Acta anat., 44 (suppl. 41.): 1, 1961.

Burton-Opitz, R. : The viscosity of the blood. J. A. M. A., 57: 353, 1911.

Welsh, W.H. : Viscosity of the blood. Heart , 3: 118, 1911.

Wasilewski, A. : Zur Pathophysiologie und Therapie der kardialen Dekompensation unter Berücksichtigung der Viskositätsänderungen des Blutes . Med. Klin., 57: 599, 1962.

Aksyantsev, M.A. : The role played by blood viscosity in the pathogenesis of transient interruptions in the cerebral blood circulation. Zhur. Nevropat. i Psikhiat., 61: 674, 1961.

Guyton, A.C. , AND Richardson, T.Q. : Effect of haematocrit on venous return. Circulation Res., 9: 157, 1961.

Dintenfass, L. : An application of a cone-in-cone viscometer to the study of viscosity, thixotropy and clotting of whole blood. Biorheology, 1: 91, 1963.

Brundage, J.T. : Blood and plasma viscosity determined by the method of concentric cylinders. Am. J. Physiol., 110: 659, 1934.

Wells, R.E. , AND Merril, E.W. : Influence of flow properties of blood upon viscosityhematocrit relationships. J. Clin. Invest., 41: 1591, 1962.

Dintenfass, L. : Blood rheology in cardiovascular diseases . Nature, London, 199: 813, 1963 .

Fahraeus, R. , AND Lindquist, T. : The viscosity of the blood in narrow capillary tubes. Am. J. Physiol., 96: 562, 1931.

Hartert, H. : Thromboelastography: physical and physiological aspects. In Flow Properties of Blood, edited by A. L. Copley and G. Stainsby , p. 186. Pergamon Press Inc., New York, 1960 .

De Nicola, P. : Thromboelastography. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill., 1957.

Scott Blair, G.W. : Rheology of blood coagula. In Flow Properties of Blood, edited by A. L. Copley , and G. Stainsby , p. 172. Pergamon Press Inc., New York, 1960.

Rosenberg, M. , AND Dintenfass , L. : Thrombus formation in vitro: a rheological and morphological study. Australian J. Exper. Biol. & M. Sc., 42: 109,1964.

Mustard, J.F. , Murphy, E.A. , Rowsell, H.C. , AND Downie, H.G. : Factors influencing thrombus formation in vivo. Am. J. Med. 33: 621, 1962.

Marin, H.M. , AND Stefanini, M. : Experimental production of phlebothrombosis . Surg. Gynec. & Obst., 110: 263, 1960 .

Quick, A.J. : Thromboplastic activity of red cell. Nature, London, 192: 882, 1961.

Bradlow, B.A. : Liberation of material with platelet-like coagulant properties from intact red cells and particularly from reticulocytes. Brit. J. Haemat., 7: 476, 1961.

Heilbrunn, L.V. : The evolution of the hemostatic mechanism. In Functions of the Blood, edited by R. G. Macfarlane and A. H. T. Robb-Smith, p. 283. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1961.

Gregoire, C. : Blood coagulation in arthropods. V. Studies on hemolymph coagulation in 420 species of insects. Arch. Biol., 66: 103, 1955.

Ponder, E. : Hemolysis and Related Phenomena. p. 335. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1948.

Owren, P.A. : Blood coagulation and spontaneous hemostasis. In Proceedings of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, 22nd International Congress, Leiden, 1962, p. 233. Mouton & Co., Hague, Holland.

Waaler, B.A. : A current conception of blood coagulation. Farmakoterapi, 15: 85, 1959.

Macfarlane, R.G. : The reaction of blood to injury. In Functions of the Blood , edited by R. G. Macfarlane , and A. H. T. Robb-Smith, p. 303. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1961.

Burnet, F.M. : Mucoproteins in relation to virus action. Physiol. Rev., 31: 131, 1951.

Margolis, J. : Activation of Hageman factor by saturated fatty acids. Australian J. Exper. Biol. & M. Sc., 40: 505, 1962.

Lee, L. , AND Mccluskey, R.T. : Immunohistological demonstration of the reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating fibrin aggregates. J. Exper. Med., 116: 611, 1962 .

Haynes, R.H. , AND Burton, A.C. : Axial accumulation of cells and the rheology of blood. In Proceedings of the First National Biophysics Conference, p. 452. Yale University Press, 1959.

Fredrickson, A.G. , AND Bird, R.B. : Non-Newtonian flow in annuli. Ind. Eng. Chem., 50: 347, 1958.

Burton, A.C. : Relation of structure to function of the tissues of the wall of blood vessels. Physiol. Rev., 34: 619, 1954.

Hamilton, W.F. , Remington, J.W. , AND Dow, P. : The determination of the propagation velocity of the arterial pulse wave. Am. J. Physiol., 144: 521, 1945.

Haynes, R.H. , AND Burton, A.C. : Role of the non-Newtonian behavior of blood in hemodynamics. Am. J. Physiol., 197: 943, 1959 .

McDonald, D.A. , AND Taylor, M.G. : The hydrodynamics of the arterial circulation. Progr. in Biophys. and Biophys. Chem., 9: 105, 1959.

Jacobs, R.B. : On the propagation of a disturbance through a viscous liquid flowing in a distensible tube of appreciable mass. Bull. Math. Biophys., 15: 395, 1953.

Landowne, M. : Characteristics of impact and pulse wave propagation in brachial and radial arteries. J. Appl. Physiol., 12: 90, 1958.

Tanner, W.F. : Spiral flow in rivers, shallow seas, dust devils, and models. Science, 139: 41, 1963.

McDonald, D.A. : The occurrence of turbulent flow in the rabbit aorta. J. Physiol., 118: 340, 1952.

Ralston, H.J. , Taylor, A.N. , AND Elliott, H.W. : Further studies on streamline blood flow in the arteries of the cat. Am. J. Physiol., 150: 52, 1947.

Hale, J.F. , McDonald, D.A. , AND Womer-Sley, J.R. : Velocity profiles of oscillating arterial flow, with some calculations of viscous drag and Reynolds number. J. Physiol., 128: 629, 1955.

Savins, J.G. : Some comments on pumping requirements for non-Newtonian fluids. J. Inst. Petrol., 47: 329, 1961.

Hinze, J.O. : Turbulence, p. 1. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1959.

Metzner, A.B. , AND Reed, J.C. : Flow of non-Newtonian fluids-correlation of laminar, transition and turbulent-flow regions. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 1: 434, 1955.

Dodge, D.W. , AND Metzner, A.B. : Turbulent flow of non-Newtonian systems . Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 5: 189, 1959.

Rodbard, S. , AND Johnson, A.C. : Deposition of flowborn materials on vessel walls. Circulation Res., 11: 664, 1962.

Copley, A.L. : Adherence and viscosity of blood contacting foreign surfaces, and the plasmatic zone in blood circulation. Nature, 181: 551, 1958 .

Copley, A.L. : Apparent viscosity and wall adherence of blood systems. In Flow Properties of Blood, edited by A. L. Copley , and G. Stainsby , p. 97. Pergamon Press, Inc. New York, 1960 .

Copley, A.L. , Scott Blair, G.W. , Glover, F.A. , AND Thorley, R.S. : Capillary flow and wall adherence of bovine blood, plasma and serum in contact with glass and fibrin surfaces. Kolloid-Z., 168: 101, 1960.

Emmrich, R. , AND Perlick, E. : Gefässwand und Blutplasma, p. 211. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1961 .

Astrup, T. , AND Coccheri, S. : Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity of the arteriosclerotic human aorta . Nature, 193: 182, 1962.

Cruz, W.O. , AND Oliviera, M.M. : Hemostasis properties of heparinized blood after short contact with foreign surfaces. J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 59: 286, 1962.

Morgan, A.D. : The Pathogenesis of Coronary Occlusion, p. 91. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1956.

Duguid, J.B. : Thrombosis as a factor in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. J. Path. & Bact., 58: 207, 1946.

Page, I.H. , Stare, F.J. , Corcoran, A.C. , Pollack, H. , AND Wilkinson, C.F. : Atherosclerosis and the fat content of the diet. Circulation , 16: 163, 1957.

Astrup, T. : Role of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis . In Connective Tissue Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis , p. 223. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1959.

Byers, S.O. , AND Friedman, M. : Experimental venous and arterial thromboatherosclerosis: a comparative study. Brit. J. Exper. Pathol., 43: 198, 1962.

Duguid, J.B. : The role of connective tissues in arterial diseases. In Connective Tissue, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis, p. 13. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1959.

Haynes, R.H. : Physical basis of the dependence of blood viscosity on tube radius. Am. J. Physiol., 198: 1193, 1960 .

Scott Blair, G.W. : The importance of the sigma phenomenon in the study of the flow of blood, Rheol. Acta, 1: 123, 1958.

Mchedlishvili, G.I. : Capillary Circulation, pp. 94, 97. Georgian Academy Press, U. S. S. R., 1958.

Palmer, A.A. : A study of blood flow in minute vessels of the pancreatic region of the rat with reference to intermittent corpuscular flow in individual capillaries. Quart. J. Exper. Physiol., 44: 149, 1959.

Kuhn, W. : Prinzip der Erzeugung mechanischer Energie durch makromolekulare Systeme. Makromol. Chem., 35: 200, 1960.

Hult, H.H. : The normal forces and their thermodynamic significance. Tr. Soc. Rheol., 5: 115, 1961.

Kuhn, W. , Kuhn, J.J. , Walter, D.H. , AND Ebner, G. : Anderung chemischer Gleichgewichte beim mechanischer Dehnen von Gelen. Z. Elektrochem., 64: 658, 1960.

Haynes, R.H. : The rheology of blood. Tr. Soc. Rheol., 5: 85, 1960.

Guyton, A.C. : The venous system and its role in the circulation . Mod. Concepts of Cardiovas. Dis., 27: 483, 1958.

Brunn, D.L. : A general theory of the cause of murmurs in the cardiovascular system. Am. J. Med., 27: 360, 1959.

Robbard, S. : Transients as a mechanism in the production of heart sounds and murmurs. Circulation, 16: 282, 1957.

Karpman, V.L. : Hydrodynamic mechanisms of mean arterial pressure control. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 138: 1231, 1960 .

Staechelin, R. , AND Müller, A. : Experimentelles zur Hydromechanik und Hämodynamik. Z. ges. Exper. Med., 39: 157, 1924.

Green, H.D. , AND Ketchar, J.H. : Control of peripheral resistance in major systemic vascular beds. Physiol. Rev., 39: 617,1959.