The Cardiopulmonary Dynamics of Bowel Function

Halpern, A. , Shaftel, N. , Selman, D. , Shaftel, H.E. , Kuhn, P.H. , Samuels, S.S. , AND Birch, H.G. : The straining forces of bowel function. Angiology , 11: 426, 1960.

Hamilton, W.F. , Woodbury, R.A. , AND Harper, H.T., JR. : Physiologic relationship between intrathoracic, intraspinal and arterial pressures, J. A. M. A., 107: 853, 1936.

Mcguire, J. , Green, R.S. , Courter, S. , Hauenstein, V. , Braunstein, J.R. , Plessinger, V. , Iglauer, A. , AND Noertker, J. : Bed pan deaths. Tr. Am. Clin. & Climatol. A., 60: 78, 1949.

Goldberg, H. , Elisberg, E.I. , AND Katz, L.N. : The effects of the Valsalva-like maneuver upon the circulation in normal individuals and in patients with mitral stenosis . Circulation, 5: 38, 1952.

Elisberg, E. , Singian, E. , Miller , G. , AND Katz, L.N. : The effect of the Valsalva maneuver on circulation. Circulation, 7 : 880, 1953.

Gorlin, R. , Knowles, J.H. , AND Storey, C.F. : The Valsalva maneuver as a test of cardiac function. Am. J. Med., 22: 197, 1957.

Scott, R.W. , AND Sancetta, S.M. : Stokes-Adams attacks induced by rectal stimulation in a patient with complete heart block. Circulation, 2: 886, 1950.

Mayerson, H.S. , AND Davis, W.D., JR. : The influence of posture on the electrocardiogram . Am. Heart J., 24 : 593, 1942.

Fabre, H. , Linquette, Y. , AND Rougier, G. : Modifications electrocardiographiques consecutives a l'apnea. Voluntaire avec ou sans effort. J. physiol., 49: 149, 1957.

Hamilton, W.F. , Woodbury, R.A. , AND Harper, H.T., JR. : Arterial, cerebrospinal and venous pressure in man during cough and strain. Am. J. Physiol., 141: 42, 1944.

McKuSICK, V.A. Webb, G.N. , Humphries , O.J. , AND Reid, J.A. : On cardiovascular sound. Circulation, 11 : 849, 1955.

Reinhold, J. , AND Rudhe, U. : Relation of the first and second heart sounds to events in the cardiac cycle. Brit. Heart J., 19: 473, 1957.

Luisada, A.A. , Liu, C.K. , Aravanis, C. , Testelli , M. , AND Morris, F. : On the mechanism of production of the heart sounds. Am. Heart J., 55 : 383, 1958.

Foulger, J.H. , Smith, P.E., JR. , AND Fleming , A.J. : Changes in cardiac vibrational intensity in response to physiologic stress. Am. Heart J., 34: 507, 1947.

Foulger, J.H. , Smith, P.E., JR. , AND Fleming , A.J. : Cardiac vibrational intensity and cardiac output. Am. Heart J., 35: 953, 1948.

Wiggers, C.J. , AND Katz, L.N. , The contour of the ventricular volume curves under different conditions. Am. J. Physiol ., 58: 439, 1922.

RosA, L.M. : The "displacement" vibrocardiogram of the precordium in the low frequency range, Am. J. Cardiol., 4 : 191, 1959.

Luisada, A.A. AND Alimurung, M.M. : Cardiology pp. 2, 92. McGraw Hill Company, New York, 1959.

White, P.D. : Heart Disease, Ed. 3, p. 68, 75. MacMillan Company, New York, 1949.

Lee, G. De J. , Matthews, M.B. , AND Sharpey-Schafer, E.P. : The effect of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure in man. Brit. Heart J., 16: 311, 1954.

Zinsser, H.F. , AND Kay, C.F. : The straining procedure as an aid in the anatomic localization of cardiovascular murmurs and sounds. Circulation, 1: 523, 1950.

Bertrand, C.A. , Milne, I.G. , AND Hornick, R. : A study of heart sounds and murmurs by direct heart recordings. Circulation , 13: 49, 1956.

Cecil, R.L. , AND Loeb, R.F. : A Textbook of Medicine, Ed. 9, pp. 1012, 1016, 1023, 1258. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1955.

Friedberg, C. K. : : Diseases of the Heart, Ed. 2, pp. 77, 184, 570, 649, 659, 989. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1955.

Houssay, B.A. : Human Physiology, p. 179. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc . New York. 1955.

Price, H.L. , AND Conner, E.H. : Certain aspects of the hemodynamic response to Valsalva maneuver. J. Appl. Physiol., 5: 449, 1953.

Greene, D.G. , AND Bunnell, I.L. : Vasomotor tone in the lesser circulation and its inhibitions by tetraethylammonium chloride. J. Clin. Invest., 29: 818, 1950.

Bjork, V.O. Malmstrom, G. , AND Uggla, L.G. : Left atrial and pulmonary "capillary" pressure curves during Valsalva's experiment. Am. Heart J. , 47: 635, 1954.

Stucki, P. , Hatcher, J.D. , Judson, W.F. , AND Wilkins, R.W. : Studies of circulation time during the Valsalva test in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure Circulation , 11: 900, 1955.

Mathes, K. : Zur Physiologies der Buergerschen Pressdruckprobe Klin. Wchnschr ., 17: 474, 1938.

Buerger, M. : Der Wert des Valsalvaschen Versuches als Kreislaufbelastungsprobe Verhandl. deutsch. Gesellsch. inn. Med., 37: 282, 1925.

Buerger, M. : Über die Bedeutung des Intrapulmonalen Druckes fur den Kollapses bei akuten Angstrengungen Klin. Wchnschr. , 5: 777, 1926.

Wilkins, R.W. , Culbertson, J.W. , AND Smithwick , R.H. : The effects of various types of sympathectomy upon vasopressor responses in hypertensive patients Surg. Gynec. & Obst., 87: 661, 1948.

Greene, D.G. , AND Bunnell, I.L. : The circulatory response to the Valsalva maneuver of patients with mitral stenosis with and without autonomic blockade Circulation, 8 : 264, 1953.