The Quinidine Problem

Linenthal, A.J. : The use of quinidine in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Mod. Concepts of Cardiovas. Dis., 24: 299, 1955.

Garrison, F.H. : An Introduction to the History of Medicine, Ed. 3, p. 292. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1922.

Park, R. : The Epitome of the History of Medicine, Ed. 2, p. 164. F. A. Davis , Philadelphia, Chicago, 1899.

Barba, P. : Vera Praxis ad curationem tertianae. Hispali, 1642.

Castiglioni, A. : A History of Medicine, Ed. 2, p. 559. Translated from the Italian and edited by E. B. Krumbhaar , Alfred Knopf, New York, 1947.

Torti, F.R. : Therapeutice specialis, ad febres periodicas perniciosas, etc Modena, 1709.

Castiglioni, A. : A History of Medicine, Ed. 2, p. 744. Translated from the Italian and edited by E. B. Krumbhaar. Alfred Knopf, New York, 1947.

Castiglioni, A. : A History of Medicine, Ed. 2, p. 1059, Translated from the Italian and edited by E. B. Krumbhaar. Alfred Knopf , New York, 1947.

Wenckebach, K.F. : Die unregelmassige Herztatigkeit and ihre klinische Bedeutung, pp. 173-175. W. Engelmann, Leipsig, Berlin, 1914.

Frey, W. : Uber Vorhofflimmern beim Menschen und seine Beseitigung durch Chinidin. Berl., klin. Wchschr., 50: 450-452, 1918.

Bolton, F.G. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine. II. Serologic mechanisms. Blood, 11: 547, 1956.

Seyderhelkin. R. : Thrombocytopenic purpura following quinidine . Proc. Med. Gesell. Göttinger klin. Wchnschr., 43: 2065, 1927.

Bolton, F.G. AND Dameshek, W. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine, I. Clinical Studies. Blood, 11: 527, 1956.

Hirsch, E.O. AND Dameshek, W. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to allergy to quinidine. Study of the mechanism of thrombocytopenia. Am. J. Med., 9: 828, 1950.

Barkham, P. AND Tocantins, L.M. : On the thrombocytopenia due to hypersensitivity to quinidine. Blood, 9: 134, 1954.

Bigelow, F.S. AND Desforges, J.F. : Platelet agg'utination by an abnormal plasma factor in thrombocytopenic purpura associated with quinidine poisoning. Am. J. Med. Sc., 224: 274, 1952.

Larson, R.K. : The mechanism of quinidine purpura. Blood, 8: 16, 1953.

Nachlas, N.E. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine. A. M. A. Arch Otolaryngol., 62: 591, 1955.

Christensen, R. AND Andreasen, A.P. : Quinidine allergy. Acta. Allergo'ogica, 4: 37, 1951.

Gold, H. , Reader, G. , et al., A re-evaluation of quinidine therapy. (Conference on Therapy.) Am. J. Med., 17: 395, 1954.

Rose, O.A. , Vogl, A. AND Turtz, A.I. : Drug fever due to quinidine. New England J. Med., 248: 96, 1952.

Wallace, J.D. , JR.: Fever due to quinidine, case report and review. North Carolina M. J., 17: 227, 1956.

Siegal, S. AND Horn, H. : Quinidine allergy. Am. Heart J., 39: 303, 1950.

Sprague, H.B. AND Tansey, W.A. : Fever as a sign of quinidine toxicity; report of sensitivity in two brothers with thyroid disease. New England J. Med., 249: 796, 1953.

Stimson, W.H. AND Mckusick, V.A. : Febrile reactions to quinidine, Am. J. Med. Sc., 221: 440, 1951.

Berley, B.S. AND Saland, G. : Febrile sensitivity to quinidine given orally . J. A. M. A., 148: 1121, 1952.

Jackler, J. AND Magendantz, H. : Fever after quinidine medication; report on a case. Bull. New Eng'and Med. Center, 16: 37, 1954.

Snow, J.S. : Drug eruptions. J. M. A. Alabama, 11: 14, 1941.

Goldschlag, F. : A case of drug allergy of both types: fixed and generalized eruptions. M. J. Australia, 2: 501, 1942.

Taylor, D.R. AND Potashnick, R. : Quinidine-induced exfoliative dermatitis, with a brief review of quinidine idiosyncrasies. J. A. M. A., 145: 641, 1951 .

Wechsler, H.L. : Dermatitis medicamentosa ; a lichen-planuslike eruption due to quinidine. A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. , 69: 741, 1954.

Gold, H. : Quinidine in Disorders of the Heart. Hoeber, New York, 1950.

Brown, M.G. , Holzman, D. AND Creel-Man, E.W. : Serum quinidine concentration in congestive heart failure. Am. J. Med., Sc., 225: 129, 1953.

Kennamer, R. , AND Prinzmetal, M. : The cardiac arrhythmias. New England J. Med., 250: 509, 1954.

Sokolow, M. : The present status of therapy of the cardiac arrhythmias with quinidine. Am. Heart J., 52: 771, 1951.

Clagett, A.H. , JR.: Intravenous use of quinidine with particular reference to ventricular tachycardia. Am. J. M. Sc., 220: 381, 1950.

Harris, A.S. , Estandia, A. , Ford, T.J. , JR. AND Tillotson , R.F. : Quinidine lactate and gluconate in the suppression of ectopic ventricular tachycardias associated with myocardial infarction; control of toxicity by morphine. Circulation, 4: 522, 1951.

Dipalma, J.R. AND Schults, J.E. : Antifibrillatory drugs. Medicine 29: 123, 1950.

Daly, R. : The use of quinidine. Practitioner, 166: 609, 1951 .

Finnegan, T.R. AND Trounce, J.R. : Depression of the heart by quinidine and its treatment. Brit. Heart J., 16: 341, 1954.

Narfvinge, L.E. : Acute quinidine poisoning in a three-year old child (with special reference to the electrocardiographic changes). Acta paediat., 39: 262, 1950.

Larimer, R.C. : Thrombocytopinic purpura following quinidine therapy. Canad. M. A. J., 60: 508, 1949.

Linenthal, A.J. , Winer, B.M. AND Klay-Man, M.I. : Sinoauricular nodal depression and atrioventricular nodal rhythm due to quinidine. Am. Heart J., 46: 443, 1953.

Mishkin, J.A. : Quinidine in heart disease. GP, 1: 35, 1950.

Dispensatory of the United States, p. 1163, Ed. 25, J. P. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1955.

Winsor, T. AND Khoury, N.J. : Treatment of the cardiac arrhythmias. Postgrad. Med., 19: 101, 1956.

Sokolow, M. AND Ball, R.E. : Factors influencing conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation with special reference to serum quinidine concentration . Circulation 14: 568, 1956.

Kalmansohn, R.W. AND Sampson, J.J. : Studies of plasma quinidine content. II. Relation to toxic manifestations and therapeutic effect. Circulation, 1: 569, 1950.

Weisman, S.A. : Quinidine, "pure quinidine," and hydroquinidine. I. Toxicity. Am. Heart J., 24: 545, 1942.

Berman, R. , Sadoff, C.M. AND Gordon, G.B. : Quinidine intoxication occurring during therapy of auricular arrhythmias. Minnesota Med., 36: 1052, 1953.

Blinder, H. , Burstein, J. , Horowitz, W. , Gersh, E. AND Smelin, R. : Studies on the effects of parenteral quinidine administration. A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med., 86: 917, 1950.

Entwisle, G. : The cardiac arrhythmias: some aspects of treatment. M. Clin. of North America, Boston No., p. 1367, Sept. 1955 .

Grodel, F.M. AND Miller, M. : Some gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from cardiac medications. Am. J. Digest. Dis., 17: 154, 1950.

Love, W.D. : The basis of quinidine ther. apy. Am. J. Med. Sc., 229: 89, 1955.

Ernstene, A.C. AND Lewis, S. : The mechanism of vomiting induced by quinidine. I. Quinidine emesis in animals with denervated hearts. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., 48: 305, 1933.

Ernstene, A.C. AND Lewis, S. : The mechanism of vomiting induced by quinidine: II. J. Pharmacol., & Exper. Therap. 48: 359,1933.

Gluck, J.L. , Gold, H. , Greiner, T. , M-Dell, W. , Quit, N.T. , Thickman, S. , Otto, H.L. , AND Warshaw, L.J. : Quinidine sulfate in propylene glycol. by intramuscular injection in man. J. A. M. A., 145: 637, 1951.

Heart Bulletin, Quinidine Therapy. (Anonymous.) 4: 15, 1955.

Sampson, J.J. , Foreman, H. AND Solomon, B.C. : Studies of plasma quinidine content, III. The value of delayed absorptive coated tablets in oral quinidine therapy. Circulation, 5: 534, 1952.

Berger, H.H. : Parenteral quinidine in the treatment of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation. Am. Heart J., 41: 624, 1951.

Russek, H.I. AND Zohman, B.L. : Paregoric as an antidote for quinidine . J. A. M. A., 147: 1070, 1951.

Russek, H.I. : Hazards in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Med. Sc., 232: 403, 1956 .

Sturnick, M.I. , Riseman, J.E.F. AND Sagall, E.L. : Studies on the action of quinidine in man . J. A. M. A., 121: 917, 1943.

Ackroyd, J.F. : Platelet agglutinins and lipins in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenic purpura with a note on platelet groups. Brit M. Bull., 11: 28, 1955.

New and Non-Official Remedies. A. M. A. p. 259, 1956.

Levine, S.A. : Clinical Heart Disease. Ed. 3., pp. 284-291, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1945.

Yount, E.H. AND Rosenblum, M. : Studies of plasma quinidine levels in relation to therapeutic effect and toxic manifestations. Southern M. J., 43: 324, 1950.

Broch, O.J. : Thrombocytopenic purpura after administration of quinidine. Nord. med., 10: 1542, 1941.

Soisala, P. : Thrombocytopenic purpura induced by quinidine . Ann. med. int. Fenniae, 36: 181, 1947.

Burstein, J. , AND Lamburg, B.A. : Thrombocytopenia after quinidine medication . Nord. med., 37: 473, 1948.

Collins, D.C. : Atypical secondary or symtomatic thrombocytopenic purpura developing with use of quinidine sulfate. Circulation , 2: 483, 1950.

Moodie, G. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine. Brit. M. J., 2: 553, 1950.

Norcross, J.W. : Quinidine as a cause of thrombocytopenic purpura; report of a case. New England J. Med., 242: 53, 1950.

Andreasen, A.P. AND Christensen, R. : Thrombopenic purpura after quinidine sulfate . Ugesk. f. laeger, 113: 422, 1951.

Lopez Garcia, E. AND Sainz , R. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine. Rev. clin. español., 42: 419, 1951.

Phelps, J.E. : Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura following quinidine administration. J. Missouri M. A., 48: 905, 1951.

Akesson, S. : A case of thrombocytopenia after quinidine treatment. Cardiologia, 21: 762, 1952.

Nussbaum, H.E. AND Shulman, M.W. : Thrombocytopenic purpura following quinidine therapy. Ann. Int. Med., 37: 190, 1952.

Lipson, L. : Purpura due to quinidine. N. Y. State J. Med., 52: 586, 1952.

Bolton, F.G. AND Young, R.V. : Observations on cases of thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinine, sulphamezathine, and quinidine. J. Clin. Path., 6: 320, 1953.

Mikes, A. : ACTH therapy of thrombocytopenic purpura caused by quinidine. Sppski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarsto, 81: 998, 1953.

Weisfuse, L. Spear, P.W. AND Sosa, M. : Quinidine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura ; report of a fourteenth case and review of clinical and experimental studies . Am. J. Med., 17: 414, 1954.

Westwater, J.O. AND Andonia, A. : Quinidine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura . Bull. Moore-White M. Found., 6: 37, 1955.

Gittler, R.D. , Kissin, M. AND Litwins, J. : Quinidine induced thrombocytopenic purpura complicating Dicumarol therapy. Ann. Int. Med., 42: 1118, 1955.

Freedman, A.L. , Brody, E.A. AND Barr, P.S. : Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine . J. Lab. Clin. Med., 48: 205, 1956.

Sturnick, M.I. : An unusual toxic manifestation of the oral use of quinidine sulfate. Am. Heart. J., 24: 559, 1942.

Bedard, O. : Quinidine in the treatment of auricular fibrillation. Am. J. M. Sc., 227: 530, 1954.

Bernreiter, M. AND Fowler, J.W. : Auricular fibrillation and cardiac failure—its treatment with quinidine sulfate. J. Missouri M. A., 48: 906, 1951.

Cutts, F.B. AND Rapoport, B. : The routine use of quinidine in acute myocardial infraction. New England J. Med., 247: 81, 1952.

Ditlefson, E.M. AND Knutsen, B. : Quinidine treatment in chronic auricular fibrillation. II. Maintained treatment of auricular fibrillation after conversion to sinus rhythm, by means of delayed absorption coated quinidine tablets. Acta med. Scandinav. 156: 8, 1956.

France, R. : The use of quinidine in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Am. Pract., 1: 790, 1950.

Pfeiffer, P.H. : The use of quinidine. J. Maine M. A. 47: 48, 1956.

Sokolow, M. AND Edgar, A.L. : Blood quinidine concentrations as a guide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation, 1: 576, 1950.

Estes, J.E. : Personal communication.

Weisman, S.A. : Digitalis in treatment of auricular fibrillation , Tr. Am. Coll. Card., 7: 275, 1957.

Delevitt, H.F. AND Poindexter, C.A. : Quinidine plasma concentrations with particular reference to therapeutically effective levels in two cases of paroxysmal nodal tachycardia. Am. Heart J., 32: 697 1946.

Scherf, D. : Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circulation, 8: 756, 1953.

Weisman, S.A. : Studies on time required for elimination of quinidine from heart and other organs. Am. Heart J., 20: 21, 1940.

Weiss, S. AND Hatcher, R.A. : Quinidine. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., 30: 335, 1927.

Hiatt, E.P. AND Quinn, G.P. : The distribution of quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine in fluids and tissues of dogs. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., 83: 101,1945.

Wegria, R. AND Boyle, M.N. : Correlation between the effect of quinidine sulfate on the heart and its concentration in the blood plasma. Am. J. Med. Sci., 208: 756. 1944.