Perioperative Sublingual Isosorbide Dinitrate for the Prevention of Cardiac Complications in Cardiac Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

Abstract

One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients with a known or suspected diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease were administered 5 mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate 2 hours and/hour preoperatively and every 4 hours postoperatively for 3 days, for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which could result from various noncardiac surgical procedures; 125 patients received general anesthesia. Cardiovascular complications occurred in 3 patients (1.9%). Two patients did not enter the study, owing to side effects of the medication (1.3%). The complications were 1 each (0.6%) of the following: atrial fibrillation, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Mortality was 0%. These results are exceptionally favorable when compared to the average cardiovascular morbidity rate of 2.8% to 49% in patients assigned to various risk stratifications in the medical literature.