Cheng, TO: Invasive, not interventional, CardiologyAm J Cardiol1997;79:845-846.
3.
Wooley CF: Academic Heritage. The Transmission of ExcellenceMount Kisco, NY: Futura, 1992, pp 193-194.
4.
Stedman's Medical Dictionary, ed 25. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1995 .
5.
Weislander CK , Huang CC, Omura MC, et al: Endovascular workforce for peripheral vascular disease: Current and future needsJ Vasc Surg35:1218-1225, 2002.
6.
Veith FJ, Marin ML: Endovascular technology and its impact on the relationships among vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists and other specialistsWorld J Surg20:687-691, 1996.
7.
Veith FJ: Turf issues: How do we resolve them and optimize patient selection for intervention and ultimately patient care?J Vasc Surg28:370-372, 1998.
8.
Stanley JC, Barnes RW, Ernst CB, et al: Vascular surgery in the United States: workforce issues. Report of the Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter, Committee on Workforce IssuesJ Vasc Surg23:172-181, 1996.
9.
Purcell PJ: Older workers: Employment and retirement trends. Monthly labor reviewWashington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000.
10.
American Heart Association 2002 heart and stroke updateAvailableat:http://www.americanheart.org/ presenter.jhtml?identifier=1928 Accessed Oct. 2002.
11.
Burke JP, Williams K., Caskill SP, et al: Rapid rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes from 1987 to 1996. Results from the San Antonio Heart StudyArch Intern Med159:1450-1456, 1999.
12.
Foot DK et al: Demographics and cardiology, 1950-2050J Am Coll Cardiol35:1067-1081, 2000 .
Hiatt BL, Fumaiki I., Yeung AC, et al: Drug-eluting stents for the prevention of restenosis: In quest for , the Holy GrailCathet Cardiovasc Intervent55:409-417, 2002.
Cambria RP, Brewster DC, Lauterbach SR, et al : Evolving experience with thoracic aortic stent graft repairJ Vasc Surg35:1129-1136, 2002 .
17.
Saccani S., Ugolotti U., Larini P., et al: New perspectives for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm with self-expanding endoprostheses. Preliminary experienceJ Cardiovasc Surg43:51-54, 2002.
18.
Guo W., Gai L., Liu X.: [Endovascular stent-grafting of descending thoracic aortic lesions] [Chinese]Chung-Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih [Chinese J Surg]39:838-841, 2001.
Schroeyers P., Wellens F., De Geest R., et al: Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve repair: Short- and mid-term resultsJ Heart Valve Dis10:579-583, 2001.
21.
Schutz A., Mair H., Wildhirt SM, et al: [Minimally invasive procedures in heart surgery. How does it work and who profits?] [German]MMW Fortschr Med143:34-36, 2001.
22.
Reichenspurner H., Boehm DH, Gulbins H., et al: Three-dimensional video and robot-assisted port-access mitral valve operationAnn Thorac Surg69:1176-1181; discussion 1181-1182, 2000 .
23.
Reichenspurner H., Boehm D., Reichart B.: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery using three-dimensional video and robotic assistanceSemin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg11:235-243, 1999.
24.
Reichenspurner H., Welz A., Gulielmos V., et al: Port-Access cardiac surgery using endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass: Theory, practice, and resultsJ Card Surg13:275-280, 1998.
25.
Oakley CM: Management of valvular stenosisCurr Opin Cardiol10:117-123, 1995.
26.
Amodeo VJ, Donias HW, D'Ancona G., et al: The hybrid approach to coronary artery revascularization: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)Angiology53:665-669, 2002.
27.
Calafiore AM , Vitolla G., Iovino T., et al: Left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST): mid-term results in single vessel diseaseJ Card Surg13:306-309, 1998.
28.
Diegeler A. , Matin M., Kayser S., et al: Angiographic results after minimally invasive coronary bypass grafting using the minimally invasive direct coronary bypass grafting (MIDCAB) approachEur J Cardio-thorac Surg15:680-684, 1999.
29.
Mehran R., Subramanian V., Mack M., et al: Preliminary results from the patency outcomes and economics of MIDCAB (POEM) trial: Minimally invasive direct coronary revascularization versus conventional bypass surgeryJ Am Coll Cardiol35:340A, 2000 .
Inderjit SG , Fitzgibbon GM, Higginson Laj, et al: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass: A series with early qualitative angiographic follow-upAnn Thorac Surg64:710-714, 1997.
32.
Possati G., Gandino M., Alessandrini F., et al: Systemic clinical and angiographic follow-up of patients undergoing minimally invasive coronary artery bypassJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg115:785-790, 1998.
33.
Subramanian VA, Patel NU: Current status of MIDCAB procedureCurr Opin Cardiol16:268-270, 2001.
34.
Arko FR, Lee WA, Hill BB, et al: Impact of endovascular repair on open aortic aneurysm surgical trainingJ Vasc Surg34:885-891, 2001.
35.
Guiraudon GM : Surgery without interventions?Pacing Clin Electrophysiol21:2160-2165, 1998 .
36.
Ouriel K., Green RM, Waldman D., et al: A model for merging vascular surgery and interventional radiology : Clinical and economical implicationsJ Vasc Surg28:1006-1010; discussion 1011-1013, 1998.
37.
Stahl KD, Boyd WD, Vassiliades TA, et al : Hybrid robotic coronary artery surgery and angioplasty in multivessel coronary artery diseaseAnn Thorac Surg74:S1358-1362, 2002.