Dr. Seishu Hanaoka (1760–1835): Surgeon,Pharmacist,and Anesthesiologist

Matsuki A. Seishu Hanaoka, a Japanese pioneer in anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1970; 32: 446–50.

Hyodo M. , Oyama T. , Swerdlow M. , Doctor S. Hanaoka, the World's First Success in Providing General Anesthesia. The Pain Clinic IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium. VSD. Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992: 3–6.

Izuo M. Medical history: Seishu Hanaoka and his success in breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia two hundred years ago. Breast Cancer 2004; 11: 319–24.