The purpose of this review is to provide the practicing surgeon with an outline of several significant developments in colorectal cancer treatment that have affected the care of patients. This review is not intended to report on every important publication of the past few years nor is it intended to be encyclopedic. The author simply hopes to provide a useful reference for surgeons in their daily practice.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Cancer Society.Cancer Facts and Figures 2004.Atlanta: The American Cancer Society, 2004.
2.
WinawerS., FletcherR., RexD.Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale— update based on new evidence.Gastroenterology2003; 124: 544–60.
3.
PickhardtP.J., ChoiR., HwangI.Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy to screen for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults.N Engl J Med2003; 349: 2191–200.
4.
KamarM., PortnoyO., Bar-DayanA.Actual colonic perforation in virtual colonoscopy: report of a case.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1242–6.
5.
Coady-FariborzianL., AngelL.P., ProcaccinoJ.A.Perforated colon secondary to virtual colonoscopy: report of a case.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1247–9.
6.
PincauB.C., PaskettE.D., ChenG.J.Virtual colonoscopy using oral contrast compared with colonoscopy for the detection of patients with colorectal polyps.Gastroenterology2003; 125: 304–10.
7.
JohnsonC.D., HarmsenW.S., WilsonL.A.Prospective blinded evaluation of computed tomographic colonography for screen detection of colorectal polyps.Gastroenterology2003; 125: 311–9.
8.
RexD.K.Is virtual colonoscopy ready for widespread application?[Editorial] Gastroenterology2003; 125: 608–10.
9.
SeeffL.C., ManninenD.L., DongF.B.Is there endoscopic capacity to provide colorectal cancer screening to the unscreened population in the United States?Gastroenterology2004; 127: 1661–9.
10.
LevinT.R.Colonoscopy capacity: Can we build it? Will they come (Editorial)?Gastroenterology2004; 127: 1841–4.
11.
ChurchJ.M.Clinical significance of small colorectal polyps.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 481–5.
12.
PetersW., SinjnaR., ChatterjeeN.The dietary fibre debate: more food for thought.Lancet2003; 361: 1487–8.
13.
SeitzU., BohnackerS., SeewaldS.Is endoscopic polypectomy an adequate therapy for malignant colorectal adenomas? Presentation of 114 patients and review of the literature.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1789–97.
14.
WhitlowC., GathrightJ.B., HebertS.J.Long-term survival after treatment of malignant colonic polyps.Dis Colon Rectum1997; 40: 929–34.
15.
VolkE.E., GoldblumJ.R., PetrasR.E.Management and outcome of patients with invasive carcinoma arising in colorectal polyps.Gastroenterology1995; 109: 1801–7.
16.
UenoH., MochizukiH., HashiguchiY.Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma.Gastroenterology2004; 127: 385–94.
17.
NascimbeniR., BurgartL.J., NivatvongsS.Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum.Dis Colon Rectum2002; 45: 200–6.
18.
Garcia-AguilarJ., MellgrenA., SirivongsP.Local excision of rectal cancer without adjuvant therapy: a word of caution.Ann Surg2000; 231: 345–51.
19.
PatyP.B., NashG.M., BaronP.Long-term results of local excision for rectal cancer.Ann Surg2002; 236: 522–30.
20.
NascimbeniR., NivatvongsS., LarsonD.R.Long-term survival after local excision for T1 carcinoma of the rectum.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1773–9.
21.
WagmanR.T., MinskyB.D.Conservative management of rectal cancer with local excision and adjuvant therapy.Oncology2001; 15: 513–9.
22.
GopaulD., BelliveauP., VuongT.Outcome of local excision of rectal carcinoma.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1780–8.
23.
BledayR., BreenE., JessupJ.M.Prospective evaluation of local excision for small rectal cancers.Dis Colon Rectum1997; 40: 388–92.
24.
ReadT.E., AndujarJ.E., CaushajP.F.Neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Histologic response of the primary tumor predicts nodal status.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 825–31.
25.
PatelN.A., MedichD.S., CelebrezzeJ.P.Chemoradiotherapy followed by transanal excision or radical surgery for stage II-III rectal carcinoma.[Abstract] Dis Colon Rectum2003; 46: A12.
26.
OnaitisM.W., NooneR.B., FieldsR.Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer does not influence survival.Ann Surg Oncol2001; 8: 801–6.
27.
BedrosianI., Rodriguez-BigasM.A., FeigB.Predicting the node-negative mesorectum after preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal carcinoma.J Gastrointest Surg2004; 8: 56–63.
28.
SchellS.R., ZloteckiR.A., MendenhallW.M.Transanal excision of locally advanced rectal cancers downstaged using neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.J Am Coll Surg2002; 194: 584–91.
29.
Habr-GamaA., PerezR.O., NadalinW.Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results.Ann Surg2004; 240: 711–8.
30.
Hernandez de AndaE., LeeS-H, FinneC.O.Endorectal ultrasound in the follow-up of rectal cancer patients treated by local excision or radical surgery.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 818–24.
31.
MadoffR.D.Chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer—when, why, and how?N Engl J Med2004; 351: 1790–2.
32.
SauerR., BeckerH., HohenbergerW.Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.N Engl J Med2004; 351: 1731–40.
33.
PucciarelliS., ToppanP., FrisoM.L.Complete pathologic response following preoperative chemoradiation therapy for middle to lower rectal cancer is not a prognostic factor for a better outcome.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1798–807.
34.
LawW.L., ChuK.W.Anterior resection for rectal cancer with mesorectal excision: a prospective evaluation of 622 patients.Ann Surg2004; 240: 260–8.
35.
Lopez-KostnerF., LaveryI.C., HoolG.R.Total mesorectal excision is not necessary for cancers of the upper rectum.Surgery1998; 124: 612–7.
36.
CecilT.D., SextonR., MoranB.J.Total mesorectal excision results in low local recurrence rates in lymph node-positive rectal cancer.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1145–50.
37.
ShirouzuK., OgataY., ArakiY.Oncologic and functional results of total mesorectal excision and autonomic nerve-preserving operation for advanced lower rectal cancer.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1442–7.
38.
SaitoN., OnoM., SugitoM.Early results of intersphincteric resection for patients with very low rectal cancer: an active approach to avoid a permanent colostomy.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 459–66.
39.
HallbookO., NystromP.O., SjodahlR.Physiologic characteristics of straight and colonic J-pouch anastomoses after rectal excision for cancer.Dis Colon Rectum1997; 40: 332–8.
40.
MantyhC.R., HullT.L., FazioV.W.Coloplasty in low colorectal anastomosis: manometric and functional comparison with straight and colonic J-pouch anastomosis.Dis Colon Rectum2001; 44: 37–42.
41.
HidaJ., YoshifujiT., TokoroT.Comparison of long-term functional results of colonic J-pouch and straight anastomosis after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a five-year follow-up.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1578–85.
42.
KoningerJ.S., ButtersM., RedeckeJ.D.Transverse coloplasty pouch after total mesorectal excision: functional assessment of evacuation.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1586–93.
43.
PhillipsP.S., FarquharsonS.M., SextonR.Rectal cancer in the elderly: patients’ perception of bowel control after restorative surgery.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 287–90.
44.
HidaJ., YoshifujiT., TokoroT.Long-term functional outcome of low anterior resection with colonic J-pouch reconstruction for rectal cancer in the elderly.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1448–54.
45.
PachlerJ., Wille-JorgensenP.Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy.[Abstract] Cochrane Database Syst Rev2005; 18: CD004323.
46.
EngelJ., KerrJ., Schlesinger-RaabA.Quality of life in rectal cancer patients: a four-year prospective study.Ann Surg2003: 238: 203–13.
47.
BullardM., TrudelJ.L., BaxterN.N.Primary perineal wound closure after APR: doomed to fail?[Abstract] Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 573.
48.
AttardJ., BuieW., MacLeanA.R.Neoadjuvant chemoradiation increases the risk of pelvic sepsis following mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer.[Abstract] Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 573.
49.
ChristianC.K., KwaanM.R., BetenskyR.A.Risk factors for perineal wound complications following APR.[Abstract] Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 573–4.
50.
TobinG.R., DayT.G.Vaginal and pelvic reconstruction with distally based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps.Plast Reconstr Surg1988; 81: 62–73.
51.
D'SouzaD.N., PeraM., NelsonH.Vaginal reconstruction following resection of primary locally advanced and recurrent colorectal malignancies.Arch Surg2003; 138: 1340–3.
52.
HeriotA.G., HicksR.J., DrummondE.G.P.Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? A prospective assessment.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 451–8.
53.
GuillemJ.G., MooreH.G., AkhurstT.Sequential pre-operative fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography assessment of response to preoperative chemoradiation: a means for determining longterm outcomes of rectal cancer.J Am Coll Surg2004; 199: 1–7.
54.
BranaganG., ChaveH., FullerC.Can magnetic resonance imaging predict circumferential margins and TNM stage in rectal cancer?Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1317–22.
55.
MartensonJ.A.Jr., WillettC.G., SargentD.J.Phase III study of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy compared with chemotherapy alone in the surgical adjuvant treatment of colon cancer: results of Intergroup Protocol 0130.J Clin Oncol2004; 22: 3277–83.
56.
KronbergU., Lopez-KostnerF., SotoG.Detection of lymphatic micrometastases in patients with stages I and II colorectal cancer: impact on five-year survival.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 1151–7.
57.
BertagnolliM., MiedemaB., RedstonM.Sentinel node staging of respectable colon cancer: results of a multicenter study.Ann Surg2004; 240: 624–30.
58.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group.A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer.N Engl J Med2004; 350: 2050–9.
59.
LeroyJ., JamaliF., ForbesL.Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (tme) for rectal cancer surgery: long-term outcomes.Surg Endosc2004; 18: 281–9.
60.
AnthonyT., SimmangC., HymanN.Practice parameters for the surveillance and follow-up of patients with colon and rectal cancer.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 807–17.
61.
ChurchJ., KiringodaR., LaGuardiaL.Inherited colorectal cancer registries in the United States.Dis Colon Rectum2004; 47: 674–8.
62.
ParcY., PiquardA., DozoisR.R.Long-term outcome of familial adenomatous polyposis patients after restorative coloproctectomy.Ann Surg2004; 239: 378–82.
63.
ComptonC.C., GreeneF.L.The staging of colorectal cancer: 2004 and beyond.CA Cancer J Clin2004; 54: 295–308.
64.
EngC., AbbruzzeseJ.L.The treatment of colorectal carcinoma: standard chemotherapy and beyond.Clin Adv Hemat Oncol2004; 2: 592–8.
65.
AndreT., BoniC., Mounedji-BoudiafL.Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.N Engl J Med2004; 350: 2343–51.
66.
GillS., LoprinziC.L., SargentD.J.Pooled analysis of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer: who benefits and by how much?J Clin Oncol2004; 22: 1797–806.
67.
BensonA.B.III, SchragD., SomerfieldM.R.American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.J Clin Oncol2004; 22: 3408–19.
