PowellA. G., FarrarE., and CohenD. K. (1985). The shopping mall high school: Winners and losers in the educational marketplace.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
2.
Consortium of National Arts Education Associations (1994). Dance, music, theater, visual arts: What every young American should know and be able to do. National standards for arts education.Reston, Va.: Music Educators National Conference, p. 7–8.
3.
BaxterS. G. (1989). When it's ok to be an elitist.Maryland Music Educator36(2) (December 1989), pp. 30–32.
4.
HumphreysJ. T. (1992). Instrumental music in American education: In service of many masters. In FonderM. (Ed.), Ithaca College celebration of a century: Centennial profiles.Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College, pp. 25–52.
5.
Consortium of Associations (1994), p. 42.
6.
StewartC. (1991). Who takes music? Investigating access to high school music as a Junction of social and school factors (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan, 1991). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52(10), 3554-A, p. 120.
7.
Consortium of Associations (1994), p. 7.
8.
Music Educators National Conference (1994). The school music program: a new vision.Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference, p. 5.
9.
LegumS., CaldwellN., GokselH., HaynesJ., HynsonC., RustK., & BlecherN. (1993). The 1990 high school transcript study: Data file user's manual.Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
10.
For detailed findings see BergonziLouis (1996). The national standards in music education: A call for comprehensive music education for all children. In HotchkissG., ed., Loyola University music educatin leadership symposia: Implications of national music standards for string education.Elkhart, Ind.: United Musical Instruments. (For a copy of the paper, write to Gwen Hotchkiss, Music Department, Loyola University, 6363 St. Charles, New Orleans, LA 70118.)
11.
Of those high school students enrolled in schools that offer string classes, more than 4 percent took strings in 1990, compared with 2 percent in 1980, a 50 percent increase in string enrollment. See Bergonzi (1995).