What is it and how Can I Promote it?

Maehr Martin L. , Pintrich Paul R. , and Linnenbrink Elizabeth A . “Motivation and Achievement.” In Colwell Richard , and Richardson C. , (Eds.), The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 348–372.

Pintrich Paul R. , and Schunk Dale Motivation in Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 2002).

Ibid.

The interested reader can find examples of this sort of theory building in such books as: Bandura Albert Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1997); Carol S. Dweck, Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development (Philadelphia: Psychology Press, 1999); John G. Nicholls, The Competitive Ethos in Democratic Education (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989); and Bernard Weiner, An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986).

Renninger K. Ann , Hidi Suzanne , and Krapp Andreas , eds., The Role of Interest in Learning and Development (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1992).

Whitford Lori email message to author, 20 February 2003.

Hopkins Michael email message to author, 21 February 2003.

Pintrich , and Schunk Motivation in Education, 306.

For a detailed review, see Elliot Andrew J . “Approach and Avoidance Motivation and Achievement Goals,” Educational Psychologist, 34 (quarter? 1999): 169–189.

Ibid, 181.

Maehr , Pintrich , and Linnenbrink “Motivation and Achievement,” 359–361.

Smith Bret P . The Role of Selected Motivational Beliefs in the Process of Collegiate Instrumental Music Practice. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan, 2002.

Maehr Martin , and Midgley Carol Transforming School Cultures (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996).

Hopkins email.

Whitford email.