Muscle-ship: The Overlooked Foundational Element of Stringed Instrument Performance Technique

Manchester , 15–18.

Lockwood , 129–132.

Woolf , 70.

Hoffman , & Harris , 93–94.

Malina , 1984; Malina and Bouchard, 1991.

Malina , 2–26.

Rolland , 69.

Hoffman , & Harris , 15.

Mattes , 2.

Mattes , 2–9.

Hoffman , and Harris , 15.

Mattes , 2.

It's never to late to start learning about the musculature. The more we all know the more help we can give to our students. You don't have to run out and take a course in kinesiology, but you can do some reading on your own. The items with an asterisk below are some must-read references to get you started.

Brown Adrienne . “Musculoskeletal Misuse among Youth Symphony String Players.” Medical Problems of Performing Artists. 12 (March 1997): 15–18.

Fry Hunter , Ross Peter , and Rutherford Martin . Music-Related Overuse in Secondary Schools. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3 (December 1988): 133–134.

Hanna Thomas , Somatics: Reawakening the Mind's Control or Movement, Flexibility, and Health. Reading Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1980.

Hoffman Shirl J. , and Harris Janet C. , Eds., Introduction to Kinesiology: Studying Physical Activity. Champaign, III.: Human Kinetics, 2000.

Larsson Lars-Goran , Baum John , Govind Mudholkar , and Killoa Georgia . “Nature and Impact of Musculoskeletal Problems in a Population of Musicians.” Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 8 (September 1993): 73–76.

Lockwood Alan . “Medical Problems in Secondary School-Aged Musicians.” Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3 (December 1988): 129–132.

Malina Robert M. . “Physical Growth and Maturation,” In Thomas Jerry R. , Ed. Motor Development During Childhood and Adolescence. Edina, Minn.: Burgess International, 1984, 2–26.

Malina Robert M. , and Bouchard Claude Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity. Champaign, III.: Human Kinetics, 1991.

Manchester Ralph . “Musculoskeletal Problems of Adolescent Instrumentalists. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 12 (September 1997): 72–74.

Mattes Aaron , Activated Isolated Stretching. Sarasota, Fla.: Aaron Mattes, 1995.

McArdle William D. , Katch Frank I. , and Katch Victor L. . Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1996.

Palac Judith . “Violin Bowing Technique: An Analysis of Contemporary Pedagogical Literature According to Principles of Human Movement,” Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 7 (March 1992): 30–34.

Paull Barbara , and Harrison Christine . The Athletic Musician: A Guide to Playing Without Pain, Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press, 1997.

Rolland Paul . The Teaching of Action in String Playing, 2nd ed. Fairfax, Va.: ASTA, 2000.

Shoup David . “Survey of Performance-related Problems among High School and Junior High School Musicians.” Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 10, (September 1995): 100–105.

Weiss Susan . The Anatomy Book for Musicians: A Guide to Understanding Performance Related Muscle Pain, Glenview, III.: Muscle Dynamics, 1996.

Woolf Henry B. ., Ed., Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam Company, 1981.