DelzellJudith K., and DoerksenPaul F., National Study of Beginning Band and Orchestra Programs. Paper presented at the 56th National Biennial In-Service Conference of MENC, April 17, 1998, Phoenix, Arizona.
2.
Music Educators National Conference, Opportunity-to-Learn Standards for Music Instruction: Grades PreK–12 (Reston, Va.: MENC, 1994), 4.
3.
MaddyJoseph E., and GiddingsThaddeus P., Instrumental Technique for Orchestra and Band (Cincinnati: Willis Music, 1926), 57.
4.
Music Educators National Conference, The Complete String Guide: Standards, Programs, Purchase, and Maintenance (Reston, Va.: MENC, 1988), 9.
5.
LambNorman, Guide to Teaching Strings5th ed. (Dubuque, Ia.: Wm. C. Brown, 1990), 141.
6.
ColwellRichard J., and GoolsbyThomas, The Teaching of Instrumental Music2d ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1992), 87.
7.
GillespieRobert, and HamannDonald L., “The Status of Orchestra Programs in the Public Schools”Journal of Research in Music Education46 (Spring 1998): 75–86.
8.
MENC, Opportunity-to-Learn Standards, 4.
9.
HouseRobert W., Instrumental Music for Today's Schools (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1965), 62–63.
10.
Maddy, and Giddings, 79–80.
11.
GreenElizabeth A. H., Teaching Stringed Instruments in Classes (Reston, Va.: American String Teachers Association with National School Orchestra Association, 1966 and 1999), 1.
12.
Maddy, and Giddings, 79–80.
13.
The Complete String Guide, 10.
14.
Colwell, and Goolsby, 87.
15.
KvetEdward J., “Excusing Elementary School Students from Regular Classroom Activities for the Study of Instrumental Music: The Effect on Sixth-Grade Reading, Language, and Mathematics Achievement”Journal of Research in Music Education32 (Spring 1985): 45–54.
16.
MENC, Opportunity-to-Learn Standards for Music Instruction, 4.
17.
Fax correspondence with AST Editor Laura Racin, February 20, 2000.
18.
Email correspondence with AST Editor Laura Racin, March 1, 2000.
