While the literature on framing has importantly expanded our understanding of frame creation and contests from an interpretive point of view, previous studies have largely neglected the structural contexts in which framing activities occur. In this study, we propose extending the framing approach by incorporating insights from the literature on sensemaking to examine how and when opportunities for meaning creation open up and how this affects subsequent discursive processes. Connecting framing and sensemaking better enables us to examine how structural factors prompt and bound discursive processes, affecting when and where frame contests emerge. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by examining changes in the discourse of globalization. Using qualitative and quantitative analyses of newspaper articles and corporate press releases, we trace the emergence of globalization discourse, its diffusion, and the increasing contention that surrounds it. Our findings show how and where globalization discourse emerged in response to greater U.S. involvement with the international economy, and how later frame contests over the meaning of globalization have depended on the interests of the actors involved.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbrahamsonEric1996. “Management Fashion.”Academy of Management Review21: 254–85.
2.
AbrahamsonEric1997. “The Emergence and Prevalence of Employee Management Rhetorics: The Effects of Long Waves, Labor Unions, and Turnover, 1875 to 1992.”Academy of Management Journal40: 491–33.
AgénorPierre-Richard2002. “Does Globalization Hurt the Poor?”International Economics and Economic Policy, 1: 21–51.
5.
AlbrowMartin1997. The Global Age: State and Society Beyond ModernityStanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
6.
AnandNarasimhanPetersonRichard A.2000. “When Market Information Constitutes Fields: Sensemaking of Markets in the Commercial Music Industry.”Organization Science11: 270–84.
7.
AndsagerJulie L.2000. “How Interest Groups Attempt to Shape Public Opinion with Competing News Frames.”Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly77: 577–92.
8.
Bank for International Settlements. Various years. Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements.
9.
BarleyStephen R.KundaGideon1992. “Design and Devotion: Surges of Rational and Normative Ideologies of Control in Managerial Discourse.”Administrative Science Quarterly37: 363–99.
10.
BartholomewAmyMayerMargit1992. “Nomads of the Present: Melucci's Contribution to ‘New Social Movement’ Theory.”Theory, Culture & Society9: 141–59.
11.
BaylisJohnSmithSteve2001. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations2nd edition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
12.
BeckUlrich2000. What Is Globalization?Cambridge, England: Polity.
13.
BendixReinhard1956. Work and Authority in Industry; Ideologies of Management in the Course of IndustrializationNew York: Wiley.
14.
BenfordRobert D.1993. “You Could Be the Hundredth Monkey: Collective Action Frames and Vocabularies of Motive Within the Nuclear Disarmament Movement.”The Sociological Quarterly34: 195–216.
15.
BenfordRobert D.1997. “An Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective.”Sociological Inquiry67: 409–30.
16.
BenfordRobert D.SnowDavid A.2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.”Annual Review of Sociology26: 611–39.
17.
BergerPeter L.LuckmannThomas1966. The Social Construction of RealityGarden City, NY: Doubleday.
18.
BoliJohnThomasGeorge M.1997. “World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization.”American Sociological Review62: 171–90.
19.
BourdieuPierre1992. An Invitation to Reflexive SociologyChicago: University of Chicago Press.
20.
Chase-DunnChristopherKawanoYukioBrewerBenjamin D.2000. “Trade Globalization since 1795: Waves of Integration in the World-System.”American Sociological Review65: 77–95.
21.
Chicago Council on Foreign Relations.2000. American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1998. ICPSR 2nd version (March) [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.
22.
ChirotDanielMertonRobert K.1986. Social Change in the Modern Era.San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
23.
ColesRoberta L.1998. “Peaceniks and Warmongers' Framing Fracas on the Homefront: Dominant and Opposition Discourse Interaction During the Persian Gulf Crisis.”The Sociological Quarterly39: 369–91.
24.
ConditCeleste M.1990. Decoding Abortion Rhetoric: Communicating Social Change.Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
25.
CoxRobert W.1996. “A Perspective on Globalization.” Pp. 21–30 in Globalization: Critical Reflections, edited by MittelmanJames H.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
26.
CreedDouglasW. E.ScullyMaureen A.2000. “Songs of Ourselves: Employees' Deployment of Social Identity in Workplace Encounters.”Journal of Management Inquiry9: 391–412.
27.
DanaherKevinBurbachRoger eds.2000. Globalize This! The Battle against the World Trade Organization and Corporate Rule.Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
28.
DemersDavid P.1996. “Corporate Newspaper Structure, Editorial Page Vigor and Social Change.”Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly73: 857–77.
29.
DianiMario1996. “Linking Mobilization Frames and Political Opportunities: Insights from Regional Populism in Italy.”American Sociological Review61: 1053–69.
30.
DirlikArif2000. Globalization as the End and the Beginning of History: The Contradictory Implications of a New Paradigm. GHC Working Paper 00/3, Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
31.
DoremusPaul N.1998. The Myth of the Global Corporation.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
32.
DreherAxel2003. “Does Globalization Affect Growth?” Working paper, University of Mannheim, Germany.
33.
EdelmanLauren B.FullerSally RiggsMara-DritaIona2001. “Diversity Rhetoric and the Managerialization of Law.”American Journal of Sociology106: 1589–641.
34.
EichengreenBarry J.1996. Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
35.
EllingsonStephen1995. “Understanding the Dialectic of Discourse and Collective Action: Public Debate and Rioting in Antebellum Cincinnati.”American Journal of Sociology101: 100–44.
36.
EntmanR. M.1991. “Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents.”Journal of Communication41: 6–27.
37.
FaircloughNorman1992. Discourse and Social Change.Cambridge, England: Polity.
38.
FaircloughNorman1995. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language.London, England: Longman.
39.
FanDavid P.1988. Predictions of Public Opinion from the Mass Media: Computer Content Analysis and Mathematical Modeling.New York: Greenwood.
40.
FeatherstoneMikeLashScottRobertsonRoland1995. Global Modernities.London, England: Sage.
41.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York.1986. U.S. Foreign Exchange Market Turnover: A Summary of a Survey in April 1986.New York: Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
42.
FerreeMyra MarxGamsonWilliam A.GerhardsJürgenRuchtDieter2002. Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
43.
FishmanMark1978. “Crime Waves as Ideology.”Social Problems25: 531–43.
44.
FishmanMark1980. Manufacturing the News.Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
45.
FranklinSarahLuryCeliaStaceyJackie2000. Global Nature, Global Culture.London, England: Sage.
46.
FriedmanThomas L.1999. The Lexus and the Olive Tree.New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
47.
GamsonWilliam A.1988. “A Constructionist Approach to Mass Media and Public Opinion.”Symbolic Interaction11: 161–74.
48.
GamsonWilliam A.CroteauDavidHoynesWilliamSassonTheodore1992. “Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality.”Annual Review of Sociology18: 373–93.
49.
GamsonWilliam A.ModiglianiAndre1989. “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach.”American Journal of Sociology95: 1–37.
50.
GephartR. P.1993. “The Textual Approach—Risk and Blame in Disaster Sensemaking.”Academy of Management Journal36: 1465–1514.
51.
GiddensAnthony1990. The Consequences of Modernity.Cambridge: Polity.
52.
GiddensAnthony1999. The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy.Malden, MA: Polity.
53.
GiddensAnthony2000. Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives.New York: Routledge.
54.
GioiaDennisChittipeddiKumar1991. “Sensemaking and Sensegiving in Strategic Change Initiation.”Strategic Management Journal12: 433–48.
55.
GitlinTodd1980. The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left.Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
56.
GreiderWilliam1997. One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism.New York: Simon and Schuster.
57.
GuillénMauro F1994. Models of Management: Work, Authority, and Organization in a Comparative Perspective.Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
58.
GuillénMauro F2001. “Is Globalization Civilizing, Destructive or Feeble? A Critique of Five Key Debates in the Social Science Literature.”Annual Review of Sociology27: 235–60.
59.
GurevitchMichaelLevyMark R. eds.1985. Mass Communication Review Yearbook, vol. 5. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
60.
HainesHerbert H.1996. Against Capital Punishment: The Anti-Death Penalty Movement in America, 1972–1994.New York: Oxford University Press.
61.
HamelinkCees J.1994. The Politics of World Communication: A Human Rights Perspective.London, England: Sage.
62.
HeldDavid1995. Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
63.
HeldDavidMcGrewAnthonyGoldblattDavidPerratonJonathan1999. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
64.
HelleinerEric1994. States and the Reemergence of Global Finance: From Bretton Woods to the 1990s.Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
65.
HilgartnerStephenBoskCharles L.1988. “The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model.”American Journal of Sociology94: 53–78.
66.
HirschPaul M.LevinDaniel Z.1999. “Umbrella Advocates Versus Validity Police: A Life-Cycle Model.”Organization Science10: 199–212.
67.
HirschmanAlbert O.1991. The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy.Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
68.
HirstPaul Q.ThompsonGrahame1996. Globalization in Question.Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
69.
HobsbawmEric J.1975. The Age of Capital, 1848–1875.London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
70.
HoekmanBernardKosteckiMichel1995. The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
71.
HoffmanAndrew2001. “Linking Organizational and Field-Level Analyses: The Diffusion of Corporate Environmental Practice.”Organization & Environment14: 133–56.
72.
KarunaratneNeil DiasTisdellClem1996. “Globalization and Its Policy Repercussions.”Intereconomics September/October: 248–60.
73.
KayatekinSerap A.RuccioDavid F.1998. “Global Fragments: Subjectivity and Class Politics in Discourses of Globalization.”Economy and Society27: 74–96.
74.
KeckMargaretSikkinkKathryn1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics.Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
75.
KellnerDouglas1992. The Persian Gulf TV War.Boulder, CO: Westview.
76.
KennedyPaul M.1993. Preparing for the Twentyfirst Century.New York: Random House.
77.
KlandermansBert1992. “The Social Construction of Protest and Multiorganizational Fields.” Pp. 77–103 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by MorrisA.MuellerC. McClurg. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
78.
KleinNaomi1999. No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies.New York: Picador.
79.
KobrinStephen J.1997. “The Architecture of Globalization: State Sovereignty in a Networked Global Economy.” Pp. 146–71 in Governments, Globalization, and International Business, edited by DunningJohn H.. New York: Oxford University Press.
80.
KoopmansRuudStathamPaul2000. “Migration and Ethnic Relations as a Field of Political Contention: An Opportunity Structure Approach.” Pp. 13–56 in Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives, edited by KoopmansR.StathamP.. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
81.
KrugmanPaul R.1994. Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations.New York: Norton.
82.
KubalTimothy J.1998. “The Presentation of Political Self: Cultural Resonance and the Construction of Collective Action Frames.”The Sociological Quarterly39: 539–54.
83.
LatoucheDaniel1995. “Democratie et nationalisme à l'heure de la mondialisation.”Cahiers de recherche sociologique25: 59–78.
84.
LevinsonStephen C.1983. Pragmatics.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
85.
LevittTheodore1983. “The Globalization of Markets.”Harvard Business Review61 (May/June):92–102.
86.
LongJ. Scott1990. “The Origins of Sex Differences in Science.”Social Forces68: 1297–315.
87.
LongJ. Scott1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
88.
MartinHans-PeterSchumanHarald1997. Die Globalisierungsfalle [The globalization trap]. Hamburg, Germany: Rowohlt.
89.
MazurAllanLeeJinling1993. “Sounding the Global Alarm: Environmental Issues in the US National News.”Social Studies of Science23: 681–720.
90.
McCombsMaxwellEinsiedelEdnaWeaverDavid1991. Contemporary Public Opinion: Issues and the News.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
91.
McMichaelPhilip2000. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective.2nd edition.Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
92.
MilanovicBranko2002. “Can We Discern the Effect of Globalization on Income Distribution? Evidence from Household Budget Surveys.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2876, Washington, DC.
93.
MillerM. Mark1997. “Frame Mapping and Analysis of News Coverage of Contentious Issues.”Social Science Computer Review15: 367–78.
94.
MillerMark M.DenhamBryan1996. “Public Opinion Polls During the 1988 and 1992 Presidential Election Campaigns: An Analysis of Horserace and Issue Coverage in Prestige Newspapers.” Working paper, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
95.
MillsC. Wright1963. Power, Politics, and People: The Collected Essays of C. Wright Mills.New York: Oxford University Press.
96.
MorganGarethFrostPeter J.PondyLouis R.1983. “Organizational symbolism.” Pp. 3–35 in Organizational Symbolism, edited by PondyL. R.FrostP. J.MorganG.DandridgeT. C.. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
97.
MyersDaniel J.CanigliaBeth Schaefer2004. “All the Rioting That's Fit to Print: Selection Effects in National Newspaper Coverage of Civil Disorders, 1968-1969.”American Sociological Review69: 519–43.
98.
NelkinDorothy1989. “Journalism and Science: The Creative Tension.” Pp. 53–71 in Health Risks and the Press, edited by MooreMike. Washington, DC: The Media Institute.
99.
NeumanW. Russel1990. “The Threshold of Public Attention.”Public Opinion Quarterly54: 159–76.
100.
OECD.1991. Systemic Risks in Securities Markets.Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
101.
OhmaeKen ichi1990. The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy.New York: HarperBusiness.
102.
OliverPamela E.JohnstonHank2000. “What a Good Idea: Frames and Ideologies in Social Movements Research.”Mobilization: An International Journal5: 37–54.
103.
OliverPamela E.MyersDaniel J.1999. “How Events Enter the Public Sphere: Conflict, Location, and Sponsorship in Local Newspaper Coverage of Public Events.”American Journal of Sociology105: 38–87.
104.
PanZhondangKosickiGerald M.1993. “Framing Analysis: An Approach to News Discourse.”Political Communication10: 55–75.
105.
PieterseJan Nederveen2003. Globalization and Culture.Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
106.
PolanyiKarl1944. The Great Transformation.New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
107.
PoracJoseph F.WadeJames B.PollockTimothy G.1999. “Industry Categories and the Politics of the Comparable Firm in CEO Compensation.”Administrative Science Quarterly44: 112–44.
108.
Program on International Policy Attitudes.2000. Americans on Globalization: A Study of US Public Attitudes.Washington, DC: Program on International Policy Attitudes.
109.
SassenSaskia1996. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization.New York: Columbia University Press.
110.
ScheufeleDietram A.1999. “Framing as a Theory of Media Effects.”Journal of Communication49: 103–22.
111.
ShivaVandana2000. Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply.Cambridge, MA: South End.
112.
SklairLeslie1995. Sociology of the Global System.Second edition.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
113.
SklairLeslie1999. “Competing Conceptions of Globalization.”Journal of World Systems Research5: 143–62.
114.
SnowDavidBenfordRobert1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization.”International Social Movement Research1: 197–217.
115.
SnowDavid1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” Pp. 133–55 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by MorrisA.MuellerC. McClurg. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
116.
SnowDavid A.RochfordE. BurkeWordenSteven K.BenfordRobert D.1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.”American Sociological Review51: 464–81.
117.
SorosGeorge2002. George Soros on Globalization.New York: Public Affairs.
118.
SpillmanLyn1995. “Culture, Social Structure, and Discursive Fields.”Current Perspectives In Social Theory15: 129–54.
119.
SteinbergMarc W.1999. “The Talk and Back Talk of Collective Action: A Dialogic Analysis of Repertoires of Discourse among Nineteenth-Century English Cotton Spinners.”American Journal of Sociology105: 736–80.
120.
StiglitzJoseph2003. Globalization and Its Discontents.New York: Norton.
121.
StrangDavidMeyerJohn W.1993. “Institutional Conditions for Diffusion.”Theory and Society22: 487–511.
122.
SwidlerAnn1995. “Cultural Power and Social Movements.” Pp. 25–40 in Social Movements and Culture, edited by JohnstonHankKlandermansBert. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
123.
TesarLinda L.WernerIngrid M.1998. “The Internationalization of Securities Markets Since the 1987 Crash.” Pp. 281–372 in Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, edited by LitanR. E.SantomeroA. M.. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
124.
TillyCharles1995. “Globalization Threatens Labor's Rights.”International Labor and Working Class History47: 1–23.
125.
TrumboCraig1995. “Longitudinal Modeling of Public Issues: An Application of the Agenda-Setting Process to the Issue of Global Warming.”Journalism & Mass Communication Monographs152 (August).
126.
WadeRobert1996. “Globalization and Its Limits: Reports of the Death of the National Economy Are Greatly Exaggerated.” Pp. 60–88 in National Diversity and Global Capitalism, edited by BergerSuzanneDoreRonald. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
127.
WagnerJ. A.GoodingR. Z.1997. “Equivocal Information and Attribution: An Investigation of Patterns of Managerial Sensemaking.”Strategic Management Journal18: 275–86.
128.
WalterIngo1988. Global Competition in Financial Services: Market Structure, Protection, and Trade Liberalization.Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
129.
WeickKarl E.1993. “The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster.”Administrative Science Quarterly38: 628–52.
130.
WeickKarl E.1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
131.
WeickKarl E.1999. “Sensemaking as an Organizational Dimension of Global Change.” Pp. 39–56 in Organizational Dimensions of Global Change, edited by CooperriderDavid L.DuttonJane E.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
132.
WhiteH.1980. “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.”Econometrica48: 817–38.
133.
WhiteHarrison C.2000. “Modeling Discourse in and around Markets.”Poetics27: 117–33.
134.
WoodDanB.PeakeJeffrey S.1998. “The Dynamics of Foreign Policy Agenda Setting.”The American Political Science Review92: 173–84.
135.
BankWorld2001. World Development Indicators.Washington, DC: World Bank.
136.
WuthnowRobert1989. Communities of Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure in the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and European Socialism.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
137.
ZaheerSrilata1995. “Circadian Rhythms: The Effects of Global Market Integration in the Currency Trading Industry.”Journal of International Business Studies26: 699–728.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
