Symbolic Interaction Theories

Appleby, J. , Hunt, L. & Jacob, M. (1994). Telling the truth about history. New York: Norton.

Back, L. (1993a). The African heritage of White Europeans. In L. Black & A. Nayak (Eds.), Invisible Europeans: Black people in the “New Europe” (pp. 23-45). Handsworth, England: AFFOR.

Back, L. (1993b). Race identity and nation within an adolescent community in South London. New Community, 19(2), 217-233.

Ballard, R. , & Kalra, V. S. (1994). The ethnic dimensions of the 1991 census. Manchester, England: University of Manchester.

Barker, M. (1981). The new racism, conservatives and the ideology of the tribe. London: Junction Books.

Barth, F. (1981). Ethnic groups and boundaries. In F. Barth (Ed.), Process and forms in social life: Selected essays (pp. 198-227). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Becker, H. (1966). Outsiders. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Benson, S. (1980). Ambiguous ethnicity: Interracial families in London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bhachu, P. (1985). Twice migrants: East African Sikh settlers in Britain. London: Tavistock.

Bhat, A. , Carr-Hill, R. , & Ohri, S. (Eds.). (1988). Britain's Black population. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower.

Blumer, H. (1933). Movies and conduct. New York: Macmillan.

Blumer, H. (1935). Moulding of mass behavior through the motion picture. Proceedings of the American Sociological Society, 29, 115-127.

Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3-8.

Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism, perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Blumer, H. , & Duster, T. (1980). Theories of race and social action. In UNESCO, Sociological theories: Race and colonialism (pp. 211-238). Paris: UNESCO.

Bogardus, E. (1925). Measuring social distances. Journal of Applied Sociology, 9, 299-308.

Bonnett, A. (1993). Radicalism, anti-racism and representation. London and New York: Routledge.

Brotz, H. (1990). Why sociology is dead. The ldler, No. 27, pp. 35-42.

Bulmer, M. (1984). The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, diversity, and the rise of sociological research. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Calhoun, C. (1991). The problem of identity in collective action. In J. Huber (Ed.), Macro-micro linkages in sociology (pp. 51-75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies . (1982). The empire strikes back. London: Hutchinson.

Cross, M. (1990). Editorial. New Community, 17, 1-4.

Crouch, S. (1993). Who are we? Where did we come from? Where are we going? In G. Early (Ed.), Lure and loathing (pp. 80-94). New York: Penguin.

Donald, J. , & Rattansi, A. (1992). “Race,” culture and difference. London: Sage.

Donovan, K. (1989). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Social Policy and Politics, Goldsmiths' College, University of London.

Doyle, B. (1971). The etiquette of race relations in the South (rev. ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Drake, St.-C. , & Cayton, H. R. (1962). Black metropolis: A study of Negro life in a northern city (2 vols., rev. ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Du Bois, W.E.B. (1961). The sounds of Black folk (rev. ed.). Greenwich, CT: Fawcett.

Early, G. (Ed.). (1993). Lure and loathing: Essays on race identity and the ambivalence of assimilation. New York: Penguin.

Fisher, B. M. , & Strauss, A. (1979). Interactionism. In T. Bottomore & R. Nisbet (Eds.), A history of sociological analysis (pp. 457-498). London: Heinemann.

Fishman, J. (1977). Language and ethnicity. In H. Giles (Ed.), Language, ethnicity and intergroup relations (pp. 15-57). London: Academic Press.

Fuchs, L. (1990). The American kaleidoscope: Race, class ethnicity, and civic culture. London: University Press of New England.

Gans, H. J. (1962). The urban villagers: Group and class in the life of Italian-Americans (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press.

Gans, H. J. (1968). The Levittowners: Ways of life and politics in a new suburban community. New York: Pantheon Books.

Gans, H. J. (1979). Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultures in America. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2, 1-20.

Gans, H. (1994). Symbolic ethnicity and symbolic religiosity: Towards a comparison of ethnic and religious acculturation. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 17, 577-592.

Geertz, C. (1973). The integrative revelation: Primordial sentiments and civil politics in new states. In The interpretation of cultures (pp. 255-310).

Gilroy, P. (1987). There ain't no Black in the Union Jack. London: Hutchinson.

Giovanni, N. (1993). Black is the noun. In G. Early (Ed.), Lure and loathing (pp. 113-126). New York: Penguin.

Glazer, N. (1988). The limits of social policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Glazer, N. , & Moynihan, D. P. (1963). Beyond the melting pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Glazer, N. , & Moynihan, D. P. (Eds.). (1975). Introduction: Ethnicity theory and experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Goffman, E. (1968). Asylums: Essays in the social situation of mental patients and other inmates (rev. ed.). London: Pelican.

Greeley, A. M. (1971). Why can't they be like us? America's White ethnic groups. New York: Wiley.

Hammersley, M. (1989). The dilemma of qualitative method, Herbert Blumer and the Chicago tradition. New York: Routledge.

Higham, J. (1974). Hanging together: Divergent unities in American history. Journal of American History, 61, 5-28.

Higham, J. (1984). Send these to me: Jews and other immigrants in urban America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Isaacs, H. R. (1977). Idols of the tribe: Group identity and political change. New York: Harper & Row.

Jackson, P. , & Smith, S. (Eds.). (1981). Social interaction and ethnic segregation. London: Academic Press.

Johnson, C. S. (1934). Shadow of the plantation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Killian, L. (1985). White southerners (rev. ed.). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.

Killian, L. , & Grigg, C. (1967). Racial crisis in America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (Spectrum).

Lal, B. B. (1983). Perspectives on ethnicity: Old wine in new bottles. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 6(2), 185-198.

Lal, B. B. (1987, December). Black and blue in Chicago: Robert E. Park perspective on race relations in urban America, 1914-1944. British Journal of Sociology.

Lal, B. B. (1990). The romance of culture in an urban civilization: Robert E. Park on race and ethnic relations in cities. London and New York: Routledge.

Lal, B. B. (1993). The celebration of ethnicity as a critique of American life: Opposition to Robert E. Park's view of cultural pluralism and democracy. In R. Gubert & L. Tomasi (Eds.), Robert E. Park and the “melting pot” theory (pp. 91-116). Trento, Italy: Reverdito Edizioni.

Lal, B. B. (n.d.). Identity entrepreneurs: Do we want them/do we need them? Unpublished manuscript, Department of Sociology, UCLA.

Lal, B. B. (in press). Societies.

Massey, D. S. , & Denton, N. A. (1993). American apartheid, segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Matthews (n.d.). Unpublished manuscript, Department of History, York University.

McKnight, R. (1993). Confessions of a wannabe Negro. In G. Early (Ed.), Lure and loathing (pp. 95-112). New York: Penguin.

Mead, G. H. (1962). Mind, self and society (rev. ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Meier, A. (1964). Negro thought in America, 1880-1915: Race ideologies in the age of Booker T. Washington. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Miles, R. (1984). Marxism versus the sociology of “race realtions”? Ethnic and Racial Studies, 7, 217-237.

Modood, T. (1988). “Black,” racial equality and Asian identity. New Community, 14, 397-404.

Modood, T. (1992). Not easy being British. Stoke-on Trent: Runnymede Trust and Trentham Books.

Novak, M. (1971). The rise of the unmeltable ethnics. New York: Macmillan.

Park, R. E. (1922). The immigrant press and its control. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Park, R. E. (1952). The urban community as a spatial pattern and a moral order. Presidential address to the American Sociological Society, 1925; published in 1925 under the title, “The concept of position in sociology,”Publications of the American Sociological Society (Vol. 20, pp. 1-14); in E. W. Burgess (Ed.), The urban community (pp. 3-18), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1926; reprinted in 1952 under original title in Human Communities (pp. 165-177), Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Park, R. E. (1955a). Human nature and collective behavior (reprint). American Journal of Sociology, 32(5), 695-703. (Original work published in 1927)

Park, R. E. (1955b). The sociological methods of William Graham Sumner and of William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. In The Collected Papers of Robert Ezra Park: Vol. 3. Society, Collective Behavior, News and Opinion (pp. 243-266), Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Reprinted from S. A. Rice (Ed.), Methods in social science: A casebook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1931).

Park, R. E. , & Burgess, E. W. (1969). An introduction to the science of sociology (rev. ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1921)

Park, R. E. , & Miller, H. A. (1969). Old world traits transplanted (rev. ed.). New York: Arno. (Original work published 1922)

Parsons, T. (1975). Some theoretical considerations on the nature and trends of change of ethnicity. In N. Glazer & D. P. Moynihan (Eds.), Ethnicity, theory and experience (pp. 305-349). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Patterson, O. (1975). Context and choice in ethnic allegiance. In N. Glazer & D. P. Moynihan (Eds.), Ethnicity, theory and experience (pp. 305-349). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Patterson, O. (1977). Ethnic chauvinism. New York: Stein & Day.

Plummer, K. (1983). Documents of life. London: Allen & Unwin.

Plummer, K. (Ed.) 1991. Symbolic interactionism, Vol. I Foundations and History and Vol. II Contemporary issues. Aldershot, Hants, England: Edward Elgar.

Peach, C. (Ed.). (1975). Urban social segregation. London: Longman.

Peach, C. , Robinson, V. , & Smith, S. (Eds.). (1981). Ethnic segregation in cities. London: Croom Helm.

Popper, K. (1957). The poverty of historicism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Popper, K. (1963). Conjectures and refutations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Popper, K. (1979). Objective knowledge. Oxford: Clarendon.

Quandt, J. B. (1970). From the small town to the great community: The social thought of progressive intellectuals. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Rex, J. , & Moore, R. (1967). Race, community and conflict. London: Oxford University Press.

Root, M. P. (Ed.). (1992). Racially mixed people in America. London: Sage.

Rucker, D. (1971). The Chicago pragmatists (rev. ed.). Madras, India: Higginbothams.

Rutherford, J. (Ed.). (1990). Identity, community, culture, difference. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

Schlesinger, A. M., Jr. (1992). The disuniting of America. New York and London: Norton.

Shils, E. (1957, June). Primordial, personal, sacred and civil ties. British Journal of Sociology, 8, 130-145.

Shils, E. (1975). The integration of society. In Center and periphery. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Simmel, G. (1971). George Simmel on individuality and social forms ( D. N. Levine , Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press (Heritage).

Sivanandan, A. (1982). A different hunger. London: Pluto.

Sollors, W. (1981). Theory of American ethnicity. American Quarterly, 33, 257-283.

Sollors, W. (1986). Beyond ethnicity: Consent and descent in American literature. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Sollors, W. (Ed.). (1989). Introduction: The invention of ethnicity. In The invention of ethnicity (pp. ix-xx). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Spear, A. (1967). Black Chicago: The making of a Negro ghetto, 1890-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Spickard, P. R. (1989). Mixed blood: Intermarriage and ethnic identity in twentieth century America. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Thomas, W. I. (1969). The unadjusted girl: With cases and standpoint for behavior analysis (rev. ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. (Original work published 1923)

Thomas, W. I. , & Znaniecki, F. (1984). The Polish peasant in Europe and America (rev. ed.; edited and abridged by E. Zaretsky ). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. (Original works published 1918-1926)

Tizard, B. , & Phoenix, A. (1993). Black, White or mixed race? London and New York: Routledge.

Tonkin, E. , McDonald, M. , & Chapman, M. (1989). History and ethnicity. London: Routledge (ASA monograph).

Turner, R. , & Killian, L. (1972). Collective behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Volkardt, E. H. (Ed.) (1951). Social behavior and personality. Contributions of W. I. Thomas to theory and social research. New York: Social Science Research Council.

Wallman, S. (1978). The boundaries of “race”: Processes of ethnicity in England. Man, 13(2), 200-217.

Wallman, S. (1979). Introduction: The scope for ethnicity. In S. Wallman (Ed.), Ethnicity at work (pp. ix-xii, 1-14). London: Macmillan.

Wallman, S. (1983). Identity options. In C. Fried (Ed.), Minorities: Community and identity (pp. 69-78). Dahlem Konferenzen Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Wallman, S. (1984). Eight London households. London: Tavistock.

Wallman, S. (1986). Ethnicity and the boundary process in context. In J. Rex & D. Mason (Eds.), Theories of race and ethnic relations (pp. 226-245). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Waters, M. C. (1990). Ethnic options. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Wirth, L. (1964). Louis Wirth on cities and social life: Selected papers ( Albert Reissm, Jr. , Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press (Heritage).