Surveys of the electorate routinely disclose that knowledge about politics, including elections, is appallingly low. Using content analysis and information-processing data, the argument is presented that such results are inevitable, despite the public's political astuteness, because the presentation of political information by the American media does not suit the information-processing capabilities and habits of average Americans. The article suggests how campaign coverage might be changed to make it more user friendly.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alger, D. E. , Kern, M., & West, D. M. (1993, May). Political advertising, the information environment and the voter in the 1992 presidential election. In S. Reese (Chair), Mass media and the electorate in the 1992 presidential election. Panel conducted at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Washington, DC.
2.
Bare, J. (1993). The role of non-traditional news sources in the 1992 presidential campaign. Paper for the American Association for Public Opinion Research.
3.
Battle of the sound bites: TV news coverage of the 1992 presidential election campaign. (1992, August/September). Media Monitor, 7, 1-6.
4.
Bennett, W. L. (1988). News: The politics of illusion. New York: Longman.
5.
Brody, R. A. (1991). Assessing the president: The media, elite opinion, and public support. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
6.
Clinton's the one: TV news coverage of the 1992 general election . (1992, November). Media Monitor, 6, 1-6.
7.
Conover, P. J. , & Feldman, S. (1984). How people organize the political world: A schematic model. American Journal of Political Science, 28, 95-126.
8.
Cook, T. E. (1992). Staging the news and covering the news: Media events, broadcast network news, and the first hundred days of the Bush presidency. “Off the Video Record” research conference paper, Purdue University.
9.
Delli Carpini, M. , Keeter, S., & Webb, S. (1993). Effects of the “people's presidential debate” on undecided voters in the Richmond area. Paper for the American Association for Public Opinion Research.
10.
Entman, R. M. (1989). Democracy without citizens: Media and the decay of American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
11.
Epstein, E. J. (1973). News from nowhere. New York: Vintage.
12.
Findahl, O. , & Hoijer, B. (1981). Media content and human comprehension. In K. E. Rosengren (Ed.), Advances in content analysis (pp. 111-132). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
13.
Fiske, S. T. , & Kinder, D. (1981). Involvement, expertise and schema use: Evidence from political cognition. In N. Cantor & J. F. Kihlstrom (Eds.), Personality, cognition, and social interaction (pp. 176-181). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14.
Graber, D. A. (1988). Processing the news: How people tame the information tide (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
15.
Graber, D. A. (1990). Seeing is remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 40(3), 134-155.
16.
Graber, D. A. (1993). Failures in news transmission: Reasons and remedies. In P. Gaunt (Ed.), Beyond agendas: New directions in communication research (pp. 75-89). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
17.
Kern, M. (1989). 30-second politics: Political advertising in the eighties. New York: Praeger.
18.
Neuman, W. R. , Just, M. P., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge: News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
19.
Page, B. I. , & Shapiro, R. Y. (1991). The rational public: Fifty years of trends in American policy preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20.
The people, the press & politics, Campaign '92: “The generations divide.” (1992a). Survey 8. Washington, DC: Times-Mirror Center for the People & the Press.
21.
The people, the press & politics, Campaign '92: “Voters say `thumbs up' to campaign, process & coverage.” (1992b). Survey 13. Washington, DC: Times-Mirror Center for the People & the Press.
22.
Popkin, S. L. (1991). The reasoning voter: Communication and persuasion in presidential campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23.
Popkin, S. L. (1992). Campaigns that matter. In M. D. McCubbins (Ed.), Under the watchful eye: Managing presidential campaigns in the television era (pp. 153-170). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
24.
Smillie, D. (1993). Breakfast with Bill, George and Ross. In The finish line: Covering the campaign's final days (pp. 124-125). New York: Freedom Forum Media Studies Center.
25.
Stebenne, D. (1993). Media coverage of American presidential elections: A historical perspective. In The finish line: Covering the campaign's final days (pp. 79-91). New York: Freedom Forum Media Studies Center.
26.
van Dijk, T. (1988). News as discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27.
Woodall, W. G. (1986). Information-processing theory and television news. In J. P. Robinson & M. R. Levy (Eds.), The main source. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.